Chapter 3

Front 1

Plasma membrane

Back 1

Forms outer boundary of cell, through which the cell interacts with its external environment

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

Usually located centrally, it directs cell activities

Front 3

Cytoplasm

Back 3

Thick liquid that holds everything in a cell

Front 4

Organelle

Back 4

Specialized structure that performs specific functions

Front 5

Characteristic functions of a cell

Back 5

1. Cell metabolism

2.synthesis of molecules

3. Communication

4. Reproduction and inheritance

Front 6

Light microscope

Back 6

Allow us to view generalized features of the cell

Front 7

Scanning electron microscope

Back 7

Reveals features of the cell surface and the surfaces of the internal structure

Front 8

Transmission electron microscope

Back 8

Allows us to see through parts of a cell so we can see detailed aspects of cell structure

Front 9

Intracellular

Back 9

The plasma membrane functions as a boundary separating the substances inside the cell

Front 10

Extracellular

Back 10

Substances outside the cell

Front 11

Intercellular

Back 11

Between cells

Front 12

Membrane potential

Back 12

The regulation of ion movement by cell results in a charge difference across the plasma membrane

Front 13

Charge of outside the plasma

Membrane

Back 13

Positive

Front 14

Charge inside the plasma membrane

Back 14

Negative

Front 15

What consists of the plasma membrane?

Back 15

45-50%lipids 45-50% proteins 4-8% carbohydrates

Front 16

What do carbohydrates and lipids form to combine?

Back 16

Glycolipids

Front 17

What do carbohydrates and proteins combine to form?

Back 17

Glycoproteins

Front 18

Glycocalyx

Back 18

The collection of Glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Also contains molecules absorbed from the extracellular environment

Front 19

What are the predominant lipids of the plasma membrane?

Back 19

Phosopholipids and cholesterol

Front 20

Phospholipids

Back 20

Lipid with phosphorus, resulting in a molecule with a polar and non-polar end; main component of the lipid bilayer

Front 21

Lipid bilayer

Back 21

A double layer of phospholipid molecules. Functions as a liquid in which other molecules are suspended. It provides an important mean of distributing molecules within the plasma membrane. Repairs the plasma membrane. Enables membranes to fuse together.

Front 22

Phospholipid hydrophillic

Back 22

Exposed to extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell; polar (water loving)

Front 23

Phospholipid hydrophobic

Back 23

Tails face one another in the interior of the plasma membrane; non polar (water fearing)

Front 24

Fluid-mosaic model

Back 24

Suggests the plasma membrane is neither rigid nor static but highly flexible and can change shape over time

Front 25

Cholesterol

Back 25

Interspersed among phospholipids and accounts for abt 1/3 of the total lipids in the plasma membrane

Front 26

What plays a major factor in determining the fluid nature of the membrane?

Back 26

The amount of cholesterol in a particular plasma membrane

Front 27

Integral proteins

Back 27

Penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer. Extends from one surface to another. (Intrinsic proteins) consists of regions made up of amino acids with hydrophilic R groups.

Front 28

Peripheral proteins

Back 28

Attached to wither the inner or the outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer (extrinsic proteins)

Front 29

Marker molecules

Back 29

Cell surface molecules that allow cells to ID other cells

Front 30

Glycoproteins

Back 30

Proteins with attached carbs

Front 31

Glycolipids

Back 31

Lipids attached with other carbs

Front 32

Attachment proteins

Back 32

Allow cells to attach to other cells or other extracellular molecules

Front 33

Cadherins

Back 33

Proteins that attach cells to another cells

Front 34

Integrins

Back 34

Proteins that attach cells to extracellular molecules. They function in pair of integral proteins. They interact with both intracellular and extracellular molecules. It functions in cell communication

Front 35

Transport proteins

Back 35

Integral proteins that allow ions or molecules to move from one side of the membrane to the other

Front 36

What are the 3 transport proteins?

Back 36

Channel proteins, carrier proteins, and ATP powered pumps

Front 37

Channel proteins

Back 37

One or more integral proteins Arranged so that they form a tiny channel from one side of the membrane to the other. Ions pass through the channel.

Front 38

What decides which ions pass through the channel?

Back 38

The charges in the hydrophilic region of the channel proteins

Front 39

Leak ion channel

Back 39

(Nongated ion channel) always open and responsible for the plasma membrane's permeability to ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

Front 40

Gated ion channel

Back 40

Can be open or closed

Front 41

Ligands

Back 41

Small molecules that bind to the proteins or glycoproteins