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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continuous Theory (Aristotle)
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Matter cannot be broken down into one tiny particle.
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Discontinuous or Particle Theory (Democritus)
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Atoms are indivisible. Atomos = Atom.
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Scientific Method
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1) Observing
2) Formulating a Hypothesis 3) Develop a Theory 4) Modify Theory |
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Obeserving
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Collecting Data, Measuring, Experimenting
Variable- something that can be adjusted (change one at a time) |
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Formulating a Hypothesis
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Organize and Analyze Data
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Develop a Theory
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Can never be proven. Shows a relationship.
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Modify Theory
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Changes may be necessary to fit the facts
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Conservation of Mass (Lavosier)
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Mass is neither destroyed nor created during ordinary chemical or physical proccesses.
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Definite Proportion/Composition (Proust)
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A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound.
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Law of Multiple Proportions (Dalton)
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If two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers.
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John Dalton's Atomic Theory
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☆1) All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
2) Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties. 3) Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. ☆4) Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole- number ratios to form chemical compounds. ☆5) In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged. |
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Modern Theory Adaptations
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1) Atoms of the same element can have different masses (isotopes).
2) Atoms can be subdivided or split. 3) There are nuclear reactions. |
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Structure of the Atom
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Protons- identification- nucleus
Nuetrons- mass- nucleus Electrons- charge, balance- cloud |
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chronological particle discovery
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1 electron- JJ Thompson- plum pudding
2 proton -Ernest Rutherford- Gold film 3 neutron -James Chadwick- transmutation |
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Thin gold film experiment
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•Nucleus cause positively charged alpha particle to be deflected straight back
• Few alpha particles the deflected straight back because they're very small and densely packed |
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Atomic number and mass number
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Atomic number - number of protons
Mass number - protons and neutrons Mass in isotope - neutrons |
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Hydrogen
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1)Protium - natural, most abundant
2)Deuterium - natural 3)Tritium - radioactive, man made |
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Grandma math
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Grams ( molar mass) moles (6.022 × 10^23) atoms
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