Test 3

Front 1

Community-based care focuses on what three things?

Back 1

Health promotion, disease prevention, and restorative care.

Front 2

Community-based health care focuses on what type of care? Primary or acute?

Back 2

Primary -

Front 3

What three things influences public health problems and subsequent health care services?

Back 3

Social lifestyles, political policy, and economics

Front 4

Population-based public Health programs focus on what three things?

Back 4

disease prevention, health protection, and health promotion.

Front 5

Public Health services aim at achieving what?

Back 5

A healthy environment for all individuals

Front 6

A public health nurse focuses on the needs of who?

Back 6

The population (or collection of individuals who have one or more characteristics in common. i.e. infants, older adults, or a culture.)

Front 7

A community nurse focuses on the needs of who?

Back 7

The community (individuals, families, and groups in a community.)

Front 8

What are the overall goals of Healthy People 2020?

Back 8

to increase life expectancy and quality of life and eliminate health disparities through an improved delivery of health care services

Front 9

Primary intervention / prevention

Back 9

he goal is to protect healthy people from developing a disease or experiencing an injury in the first place (education, regular exams, immunization)

Front 10

Secondary intervention / prevention

Back 10

These interventions happen after an illness or serious risk factors have already been diagnosed. The goal is to halt or slow the progress of disease (if possible) in its earliest stages; in the case of injury, goals include limiting long-term disability and preventing re-injury. (Taking your medication)

Front 11

Tertiary intervention / prevention

Back 11

the care of established disease, with attempts made to restore to highest function, minimize the negative effects of disease, and prevent disease-related complications.

Front 12

Epidemiologists

Back 12

public health professionals who investigate patterns and causes of disease and injury in humans.

Front 13

The nurse in a new community-based clinic is requested to complete a community assessment. Order the steps for completing this assessment.

Population, Locale, Social Stystem

Back 13

Locale, population, social system

Front 14

An argument for passing “universal health care” legislation is that it would help fulfill the Healthy People 2020 goal of
a. Increasing quality of life in America.
b. Prolonging healthy life in America.
c. Eliminating health disparities in America.
d. Promoting healthy behaviors.

Back 14

c. Eliminating health disparities in America.

Front 15

To increase quality and years of healthy life, Healthy People 2020 focuses on four areas. One of those areas is
a. Allowing people to continue current behaviors to reduce the stress of change.
b. Focusing only on individual health changes that will lead to better communities.
c. Creating social and physical environments that promote good health.
d. Focusing on illness treatment to provide fast recuperation.

Back 15

c. Creating social and physical environments that promote good health.

Front 16

According to the Office of Minority Health (OMH), the thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and
institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups are known as
a. Culture.
b. Subculture.
c. Ethnicity.
d. Cultural backlash.

Back 16

a. Culture.

Front 17

Despite significant improvements in the overall health status of the U.S. population over the past few decades, disparities among
ethnic and racial minorities have
a. Decreased as education levels equal those of non-Hispanic whites.
b. Disappeared in relation to non-Hispanic white populations.
c. Remained a serious challenge locally and nationally.
d. Decreased faster than anticipated.

Back 17

c. Remained a serious challenge locally and nationally.

Front 18

Eliminating disparities in the health status of people from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds has become one of the
two most important priorities of Healthy People 2020 because populations with health disparities have
a. Increased incidence of disease.
b. Lower levels of morbidity.
c. Lower mortality rates.
d. Decreased incidence of disease.

Back 18

a. Increased incidence of disease.

Front 19

When asked to describe the differences between ethnicity and race, what should the student nurse explain?
a. Ethnicity refers to a shared identity, whereas race is limited to biological
attributes.
b. Ethnicity and race are actually the same and are based in cultural norms.
c. Ethnicity can be understood only through an ethic worldview.
d. Race refers to a shared identity, whereas ethnicity is limited to biological
attributes.

Back 19

a. Ethnicity refers to a shared identity, whereas race is limited to biological
attributes.

Front 20

Care that includes the nurse learning about cultural issues involved in the patient’s health care belief system and enable patients and
families to achieve meaningful and supportive care is known as
a. Ethnocentrism.
b. Culturally competent care.
c. Cultural imposition.
d. Culturally congruent care.

Back 20

b. Culturally competent care.

Front 21

The nurse is caring for a Native American who has had recent surgery. In the patient’s culture, it is a sign of weakness to complain
of pain. In the nurse’s culture, people who are having pain ask for pain medicine. The nurse has assumed that the patient has not
been having pain and does not need medication because he has not complained of pain. What is the nurse doing?
a. Utilizing cultural imposition by not asking the patient about his pain
b. Striving to provide culturally congruent care by allowing the patient to suffer
c. Operating from an emic worldview of the patient’s cultural beliefs
d. Practicing discrimination by not giving the patient pain medicine

Back 21

a. Utilizing cultural imposition by not asking the patient about his pain

Front 22

In performing a cultural assessment, knowledge of a patient’s country of origin and its history and ecological contexts is known as
a. Ethnohistory.
b. Biocultural history.
c. Social organization.
d. Religious and spiritual beliefs.

Back 22

a. Ethnohistory.

Front 23

The nurse is caring for a patient of Asian descent who speaks very little English. The nurse is especially concerned and attempts to
develop a trusting relationship with the patient. She does this knowing that
a. Cultural assessment needs to be done quickly to provide the best care early.
b. Miscommunication cannot be tolerated in cultural assessment.
c. The goal is to get the patient to conform to American health care norms.
d. Cultural assessment is intrusive in contrast to other types of interviews.

Back 23

d. Cultural assessment is intrusive in contrast to other types of interviews.

Front 24

The nurse is caring for a patient who has emigrated from another country. The patient is in need of abdominal surgery but seems
reluctant to sign the surgical permits. What is one tactic that the nurse should use?
a. Determine the family social hierarchy.
b. Encourage the patient to sign the permits.
c. Call the physician so that surgery can be canceled.
d. Impress on the patient that her life is in jeopardy.

Back 24

a. Determine the family social hierarchy.

Front 25

The nurse is caring for a Chinese patient who is reluctant to answer questions about her health background. The nurse asks the
patient if she would like her husband present when health questions are asked. The nurse does this knowing that the Chinese culture
is a collectivistic and patrilineal culture. What does this mean?
a. Kinship extends to both the father’s side and the mother’s side of the family.
b. Kinship is limited to the side of the father.
c. Kinship is limited to the side of the mother.
d. The husband becomes part of the wife’s clan after marriage.

Back 25

b. Kinship is limited to the side of the father.

Front 26

The nurse is caring for a patient who does not speak English. She decides to use an interpreter to explain procedures and to answer
questions that the patient may have. In performing the interview, what should the nurse do?
a. Direct questions to the interpreter to ask the patient.
b. Disregard the age and gender of the interpreter.
c. Direct questions to the patient.
d. Ask the interpreter to ask the patient for clarification at the end.

Back 26

c. Direct questions to the patient.

Front 27

Which statement is true relative to caring for a Hindu patient who is dying?
a. The family will turn his head eastward or to the right.
b. A close kin will stay with the patient to hear his last wishes.
c. Anointing of the sick is a common right of the dying.
d. The family will place a drop of water on the patient’s lips.

Back 27

d. The family will place a drop of water on the patient’s lips.

Front 28

When caring for a patient of a different culture, it is important for the nurse to understand that
a. The nurse should protect the patient from family intrusion in her health care
decisions.
b. Working within the established family hierarchy produces better outcomes.
c. Women as primary caregivers make independent health decisions.
d. Gender is not a factor when it comes to role expectations.

Back 28

b. Working within the established family hierarchy produces better outcomes.

Front 29

Providing culturally congruent care means providing care that
a. Fits the patient’s valued life patterns and set of meanings.
b. Is based on meanings generated by predetermined criteria.
c. Is the same as the values of the professional health care system.
d. Holds one’s own way of life as superior to those of others.

Back 29

a. Fits the patient’s valued life patterns and set of meanings.

Front 30

Leininger (1991) identified three nursing decision and action modes to achieve culturally congruent care. These modes are “cultural
care preservation or maintenance,” “cultural care accommodation,” and “cultural care repatterning.” When assessing patients during
the admission process, the nurse utilizes
a. These action modes in a distinct order.
b. These action modes individually, one at a time.
c. Only one action mode per patient.
d. All these action modes simultaneously.

Back 30

d. All these action modes simultaneously.

Front 31

Foster (1976) identified two distinct categories of healers cross-culturally. Of the following characteristics, which are congruent
with the healing practices of naturalistic practitioners? (Select all that apply.)
a. Illness is impersonal and is due to biological forces.
b. Illness is caused by alterations in the body equilibrium.
c. Sorcerers can cause health and illness.
d. Human relationships should be emphasized.
e. Healing modalities include herbs, massage, and surgery.

Back 31

a. Illness is impersonal and is due to biological forces.

b. Illness is caused by alterations in the body equilibrium.

e. Healing modalities include herbs, massage, and surgery.

Front 32

Public health nursing differs from community health nursing in that public health nursing
a. Focuses on individuals and families.
b. Understands the needs of a population.
c. Ignores political processes.
d. Considers the individual as one member of a group.

Back 32

b. Understands the needs of a population.

Front 33

A specialist in public health nursing requires
a. The same level of education as the community health nurse.
b. Preparation at the basic entry level.
c. An advanced degree regardless of public health experience.
d. A graduate level education with a focus in public health science.

Back 33

d. A graduate level education with a focus in public health science.

Front 34

The community health nurse differs from the community-based nurse in that the community health nurse
a. Understands the needs of the population.
b. Focuses on the needs of the individual.
c. Is the first level of contact in the health care system.
d. Involves the family in decision making.

Back 34

a. Understands the needs of the population.

Front 35

The type of nursing that focuses on acute and chronic care of individuals and families while enhancing patient autonomy is known
as _____ nursing.
a. Public health
b. Community health
c. Community-based
d. Community-focused

Back 35

c. Community-based

Front 36

The community health nurse is administering flu shots to children at a local playground. In doing so, the nurse’s focus is on
a. Preventing individual illness.
b. Preventing community outbreak of illness.
c. Preventing outbreak of illness in the family.
d. The needs of the individual or family.

Back 36

b. Preventing community outbreak of illness.

Front 37

The community health nurse is providing counseling to a group of teenage girls related to birth control and disease prevention. The
nurse does this because
a. Focusing on subpopulations leads to community health.
b. Community health nursing focuses on individuals only.
c. Community health nursing excludes direct care to subpopulations.
d. The focus is on preventing illness and unwanted pregnancy.

Back 37

a. Focusing on subpopulations leads to community health.

Front 38

Community-based nursing care takes place in community settings such as the home or a clinic. Ideally, this is done to
a. Exert greater control over individual or family decisions.
b. Provide services close to where patients live.
c. Isolate patients and prevent the spread of disease.
d. Reduce the need for self-care.

Back 38

b. Provide services close to where patients live.

Front 39

The student nurse is trying to determine what type of nurse she wants to be after graduation. In class, she states that community
health nursing is probably not for her because community nursing focuses only on community issues such as preventing epidemics.
The instructor’s most appropriate response would be that community health nursing
a. Focuses on the health care of individuals, families, and groups in a community.
b. Focuses only on the health of a specific subgroup in a community.
c. Requires an advanced nursing degree, so the student need not worry.
d. Focuses only on maintaining the health of the community.

Back 39

a. Focuses on the health care of individuals, families, and groups in a community.

Front 40

The patient is in the hospital with the diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Before the patient is discharged, the
community-based nurse is making a visit to the patient’s home, where he lives with his daughter and her family. A major focus of
this visit will be to
a. Demonstrate caregiver techniques for providing care.
b. Stress to the family how difficult it will be to provide care at home.
c. Encourage the family to send the patient to an extended care facility.
d. Teach the family how to have the patient declared incompetent.

Back 40

a. Demonstrate caregiver techniques for providing care.

Front 41

The community has three components: structure or locale, the people, and the social systems. While doing a community assessment,
the nurse seeks data on the average household income and the number of residents on public assistance. In doing so, the nurse is
evaluating which of the following?
a. Structure
b. Population
c. Welfare system
d. Social system

Back 41

a. Structure

Front 42

Community-based nursing requires a strong knowledge base in which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Family theory
b. Communication
c. Group dynamics
d. Focus on the individual
e. Cultural diversity

Back 42

a. Family theory

b. Communication

c. Group dynamics

e. Cultural diversity

Front 43

Community-based nursing centers function as the first level of contact between members of a community and the health care
delivery system. Ideally, health care services (Select all that apply.)
a. Are provided where patients live.
b. Reduce the cost of health care for the patient.
c. Provide direct access to nurses.
d. Exclude interference from family or friends.

Back 43

a. Are provided where patients live.
b. Reduce the cost of health care for the patient.
c. Provide direct access to nurses.

Front 44

Primary health care focus includes (Select all that apply.)
a. Individual health screenings.
b. Community health promotion programs.
c. Development of health policies.
d. Disease prevention in communities.
e. Discharge planning for individual patients.

Back 44

b. Community health promotion programs.
c. Development of health policies.
d. Disease prevention in communities.

Front 45

Vulnerable populations include those patients who are more likely to develop health problems as a result of
a. Pregnancy.
b. Nontraditional healing practices.
c. Excessive risk.
d. Unlimited access to health care.

Back 45

c. Excessive risk.

Front 46

The instructor is teaching student nurses about identifying members of vulnerable populations when the nursing student asks, “Why
is it that not all poor people are considered members of vulnerable populations?” The instructor’s best answer would be
a. “All poor people are members of a vulnerable population.”
b. “Poor people are members of a vulnerable population only if they take drugs.”
c. “Poor people are members of a vulnerable population only if they are homeless.”
d. “Members of vulnerable groups frequently have a combination of risk factors.”

Back 46

d. “Members of vulnerable groups frequently have a combination of risk factors.”

Front 47

Of the following list of patients, which would be considered at high risk to be members of a vulnerable population? (Select all that
apply.)
a. An immigrant who speaks only Chinese
b. An Hispanic truck driver who speaks limited English
c. A 22-year-old pregnant woman
d. A 15-year-old rape victim
e. A 40-year-old schizophrenic

Back 47

a. An immigrant who speaks only Chinese
b. An Hispanic truck driver who speaks limited English

d. A 15-year-old rape victim
e. A 40-year-old schizophrenic

Front 48

What are the three community components?

Back 48

structure or locale, the people, and the social systems.

Front 49

The health care model that utilizes Maslow’s hierarchy as its base is the _____ Model.
a. Health Belief
b. Health Promotion
c. Basic Human Needs
d. Holistic Health

Back 49

c. Basic Human Needs

Front 50

The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations. As such, this clinic is designed to
provide
a. Primary prevention.
b. Secondary prevention.
c. Tertiary prevention.
d. Diagnosis and prompt intervention.

Back 50

a. Primary prevention.

Front 51

The patient is admitted to the emergency department of the local hospital from home with reports of chest discomfort and shortness
of breath. She is placed on oxygen, has labs and blood gases drawn, and is given an electrocardiogram and breathing treatments.
What level of preventive care is this patient receiving?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Health promotion

Back 51

b. Secondary prevention

Front 52

A patient is admitted to a rehabilitation facility following a stroke. The patient has right-sided paralysis and is unable to speak. The
patient will be receiving physical therapy and speech therapy. What are these examples of?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Health promotion

Back 52

c. Tertiary prevention

Front 53

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been trying to quit smoking. She has been smoke free for 2 weeks but had two cigarettes
last night and at least two this morning. What should the nurse anticipate?
a. The patient does not want to and never will quit smoking.
b. The patient will return to the contemplation or precontemplation phase.
c. The patient will need to adopt a new lifestyle for change to be effective.
d. The patient must pick up her attempt right where she left off.

Back 53

b. The patient will return to the contemplation or precontemplation phase.

Front 54

The patient has been overweight for most of her life. She has tried dieting in the past and has lost weight, only to regain it when she
stopped dieting. She is visiting the weight loss clinic/health club because she has decided to do it. She states that she will join right
after the holidays, in 3 months. The nurse recognizes that the patient is in which stage of the change process?
a. Precontemplation
b. Contemplation
c. Preparation
d. Action

Back 54

b. Contemplation

Front 55

The patient has quit smoking and has been smoke free for the past 2 years. Of the following stages, which best fits her current stage
of change?
a. Contemplation
b. Preparation
c. Action
d. Maintenance

Back 55

d. Maintenance

Front 56

What does caring involve?

Back 56

Being present, providing a caring touch, and listening. caring is also a product of culture, values, experiences and relationships with others.

Front 57

According to the World Health Organization, what is the best definition for “health”?
a. Simply the absence of disease
b. Involving the total person and environment
c. Strictly personal in nature
d. Status of pathological state

Back 57

b. Involving the total person and environment

Front 58

Define Ethnocentrism

Back 58

a tendency to hold one's own way of life as superior to others.

Front 59

Define assimilation

Back 59

When members of an ethnocultural community are absorbed into another community and lose their unique characteristics such as language, customs, and ethnicity

Front 60

define acculturation

Back 60

a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group

Front 61

Define biculturism

Back 61

originally distinct cultures in some form of co-existence.