Chapter 3

Front 1

Structure Function

Back 1

Different structure of cells do different things

Front 2

Terminal Cell

Back 2

Doesn't divide

Front 3

Animal Cell
(human)

Back 3

Complex

Front 4

Human Cells

Back 4

Plasma Membrane-OuterMembrane
Cytoplasm/ Fluid
Nuclues/controls celluar activites

Front 5

Cells

Back 5

Have their own idenification they reconize proteins provide rigidity to give cell shape & attach cell-cell recognition

Front 6

Lipid Bilayer

Back 6

Fabric of the membrane

Front 7

Phospholipids

Back 7

Cholestrol and glycolipids

Front 8

Hydrophlic

Back 8

lolipop shaped(water-loving)uncharged polar head

Front 9

Hydrophobic

Back 9

uncharged polar tail

Front 10

Glycolipids

Back 10

Found only on the outer plasma Membrane surface

Front 11

Transport Proteins

Back 11

Protein lets energy in and out. Somtimes ATP(energy) needs to help to let protein in and out

Front 12

Integral Proteins

Back 12

The centry's . Cells have thier own idenification they reconize proteins provide rigdity togive cell shape. Attactment Cell-cell recognition

Front 13

Enzymatic Proteins

Back 13

Activity as a team. Locked in membrane. Receptor for signal transduction/hormone

Front 14

Microvill

Back 14

Small hair /fingers/increas surface area and interact to the enviroment

Front 15

How Cells Contact other Cells

Back 15

Tight Junction- strongest-skin
Desmosome -next-zipper-achoring juction
Gap Juction Weakest two channels linking up transport /nervous system

Front 16

Extracellular Fluid
(watery enviroment)

Back 16

Diffusion from high to low until desolved . Concentration gradient

Front 17

Simple diffusion

Back 17

Through the phospholipid bilayer-gases, water

Front 18

Osmosis

Back 18

Water diffusion

Front 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 19

Small lipik insoluble solutes
In a hypotonis solution (water) cells take in water by osmosis/bloated/burst(Lyse)

Front 20

Osmolarity

Back 20

Over consentration of salts
Would shrink bloodvessels

Front 21

Isotonic

Back 21

blood should be at a correct consentration of salt

Front 22

Hypertonic

Back 22

Too much salt

Front 23

Hypotonic

Back 23

Too little salt

Front 24

Active transport Primary

Back 24

Hydrolysis of ATP results in the phosphorylation of the transport protein / it plumbs the bound solute across the membrane

Front 25

Secondary active transport

Back 25

A single ATP powered pump can indirectly drive the secondary active transport of several other solutions

Front 26

Vesicular Transport

Back 26

Large particles, macromolecules and fluids are transported across plasma

Front 27

Exocytosis

Back 27

releasing waste out of the cell into a vesicle(baggy in your cell)

Front 28

Enocytosis

Back 28

Clathrin and clathir Vesicle taking into the cell

Front 29

Trancytosis

Back 29

Passing across the cell

Front 30

Lysosome

Back 30

organ out has very low PH to degrade whats int the clathrin

Front 31

Phagosome

Back 31

endocytotic vesicle

Front 32

Pinocytosis

Back 32

fluid phase endocytosis

Front 33

Caveolin coated vesicles
(caveolae

Back 33

selective endocytosis external substance binds to membrane receptors
Clolesterol regulation

Front 34

Plasma Membrane

Back 34

Membrane made of a double layer of lipids with proteins embedded, external barrier

Front 35

Cytoplasmic Organelles

Back 35

Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membranes, consist of fluids

Front 36

Mitochondria

Back 36

Rodlike, double-membrane structures, inner membrane folded into projections called cristael Powerhouse of cell

Front 37

Ribosomes

Back 37

Dense particles consistin of two subunits, each composed of robosomal RNA and protein synthesis

Front 38

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 38

Membrane system enclosing a cavity, the cisterna, and coiling through the cytoplasm. Sugar groups to proteins

Front 39

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 39

Membranous system of sacs and tubles free of ribosomes
Site of lipid and steriod cholesterol-drug detoxification

Front 40

Golgi apparatus

Back 40

A stack of smooth membrane sacs and associated vesicles close to the nucleus. Packages, modidies and segregates proteins for secretion

Front 41

Lysosomes

Back 41

Membranous sacs containing acid hydrolases Sites of intracellular digestion

Front 42

Peroxisomes

Back 42

Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes. The enzymes detoxify a number of toxic substances. hydrogen peroxide

Front 43

Microtubules

Back 43

Cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins. Support the cell and give it shape

Front 44

Microfilaments

Back 44

Fine filaments of the contractile protein actin. Involved in muscle contraction and intracellular movement

Front 45

Intermediate filaments

Back 45

Protein fibers composition varies. The stable cytoskeletal elements resist mechanical forces action on the cell

Front 46

Centrioles

Back 46

Paired cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtublules. Form the bases of cilia and flagella

Front 47

Cilia

Back 47

Short, cell surface projects each cilium composed of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding a central pair.

Front 48

Flagella

Back 48

Like cilium, but longer, only example in humans is the sperm tail Propels the cell

Front 49

Microvilli

Back 49

Tublar extensions of the plasma membrane contain a bundle of actin filaments . Increase surface area for absorption.

Front 50

Nuclear envelope

Back 50

Loble membrane structure, pierced by pores outer membrane continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates passage to and from nucleus

Front 51

Nucleoli

Back 51

Dense spherical bodies composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins Site of ribosome subunit manufacture

Front 52

Cromatin

Back 52

Granular threadlike material composed of DNA and histone proteins