Chapter 3 & 4

Front 1

J. Hector St. John

Back 1

Frenchman who wrote about a different society for americans in 1600's

Front 2

immigrants

Back 2

those who came from all parts of europe to live in america

Front 3

English cultural domination

Back 3

the great majority of the population was english in origin, language, and tradition

Front 4

self-government

Back 4

the gvmt of each colony had a representative assembly elected by eligible voters. only RI & CT had gvmts elected by the people.

Front 5

religious toleration

Back 5

all colonies permitted practice of different religions, with various degrees of freedom. RI & Pennsylvania were the most liberal.

Front 6

hereditary aristocracy

Back 6

craftspeople and small farmers made up the majority of people, with wealthy landowners at the top

Front 7

social mobility

Back 7

most people had the ability to improve their social standard and work. not including slaves

Front 8

colonial families

Back 8

economic and social center of colonial life. over 90% of people lived on farms

Front 9

subsistence farming

Back 9

in new england, they had to subject to only famring as much as they needed to provide for their family. b/c of harsh winters and rocky soil

Front 10

established church

Back 10

churches that taxed people to support their religion. the anglican and congregational church of massachussetts were the first two in the early colonies

Front 11

great awakening

Back 11

in the 1730's, a movement with fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people

Front 12

john edwards

Back 12

initiator of the great awakening, especially with his sermon "sinners in the hands of an angry god" .

Front 13

george whitefield

Back 13

truly spread the idea of the GA, because he traveled greatly and sometimes even attracted crowds of about 10,000.

Front 14

georgian style

Back 14

colonial houses, churches, public buildings built with symmetrical placement of windows and dormers and a spacious center hall flanked by two fireplaces.

Front 15

banjamin west

Back 15

one of the two american artists who went to england to acquire neecessary training and finance to support themselves as artists

Front 16

john copley

Back 16

one of the two american artists who went to england to acquire neecessary training and finance to support themselves as artists

Front 17

cotton mather

Back 17

one Massachusetts minister who had his religious tract widely read by colonists

Front 18

benjamin franklin

Back 18

one of the most popular and successful american writers of the 18th century

Front 19

poor richard's almanac

Back 19

benjamin franklin's book where he had witty aphorisms and advice

Front 20

phillis wheatly

Back 20

her poetry is noteworhty for her triumph over slavery and quality of her verse

Front 21

john bartram

Back 21

a self taught botanist from philadelphia

Front 22

sectarian; nonsectarian

Back 22

sectarian- they existed to promote religious doctrines

Front 23

john peter zenger; libel case

Back 23

John Zenger, although it was true, publicly offended the NY governor in a newspaper and was put on trial but later acquitted by the jury

Front 24

andrew hamilton

Back 24

Zenger's lawyer, argued that his client printed the truth,

Front 25

colonial governors

Back 25

8 colonies had governors appointed by the king, and 3 proprietary colonies ( MD, pennsylvania, & delaware) had governors appointed by the proprietors. CT & RI had governors elected by pop. vote.

Front 26

colonial legislatures

Back 26

legislature had two houses: the lower assembly voted for or against taxes & was elected by the voters. the upper council, were appointed by the proprietor pr king

Front 27

town meetings

Back 27

people would come together to vote on important issues

Front 28

county gvmt

Back 28

only in the southern colonies, the gvmt was carried on by law enforcing sheriffs who served a large territory known as counties

Front 29

limited democracy

Back 29

democracy was limited b/c those barred from voting (white women, poor white men, slaves of both sexes, and most free blacks) made up a huge part of the population.

Front 30

french & indian war

Back 30

aka seven years' war.
was a war between both the allied french & indian with the british colonists over control of the ohio river valley

Front 31

george washington

Back 31

led a militia that after a small initial victory, later surrendered to a superior force of frnchmen and native americans

Front 32

edward braddock

Back 32

in 1755, braddock led another expedition that failed miserably.. ending in 2000 british and colonia troops killed

Front 33

pontiac's rebellion

Back 33

when chief pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier b/c of clashes

Front 34

proclamation of 1763

Back 34

prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains in hopes of remaining on neutral terms with the natives

Front 35

sugar act (1764)

Back 35

taxes on foreign sugar and other luxuries. it was used to raise money for the crown, and also to further enforce the navigation acts

Front 36

quartering act (1765)

Back 36

act that required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for british soldiers stationed in the colonies

Front 37

stamp act (1765)

Back 37

required that a tax be placed on all printed material including newspapers, letters, legal documents

Front 38

patrick henry

Back 38

went to the house of burgesses to demand that the king take the colonists' rights into consideration

Front 39

stamp act congress

Back 39

james otis called for the colonies to meet to protest the stamp act, and nine colonies met in NY, called the stamp act congress. they agreed that only legal representatives had the right to approve taxes

Front 40

sons and daughters of liberty

Back 40

a secret society organized in hopes of intimidating tax agents. they would often tar and feather a person and destroy revenue stamps

Front 41

declaratory act ( 1766)

Back 41

when parliament voted to repeal the stamp act, they also imposed the declaratory act, allowing britain to have full control over when or when not to tax the colonies

Front 42

townshend acts (1767)

Back 42

parliament added taxes to tea, glass and paper being imported into the colonies. the money was used to pay crown officials in the colonies.

Front 43

writs of assistance

Back 43

a document allowing officials to check private homes for smuggled items under the townshend acts. it allowed them to search anywhere, not just a specific home.

Front 44

John Dikinson; Letters from a farmer in pennsylvania

Back 44

in his letter, he agreed to allowing parliament regulating commerce, but hated the idea of duties because they werent real taxes. they could not be imposed on colonies w/o approval from their representatives

Front 45

samuel adams

Back 45

wrote the massachussetts circular letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature.

Front 46

james otis

Back 46

wrote the massachussetts circular letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature.

Front 47

massachusetts circular letter

Back 47

it urged colonies to petition parliament to repeal the townshend acts. british officials ordered the letter retracted, threatened to dissolve legislature and increased the number of british troops in boston

Front 48

Lord Frederick North

Back 48

britain's new prime minister who attempted to repeal the townshend acts b/c they damaged trade

Front 49

Boston Massacre (1770)

Back 49

one day a crowd of colonists harassed british soldiers who ended up shooting into the crowd and killing 5 people, including an african american

Front 50

crispus attucks

Back 50

first person to be shot at during boston massacre;; african american

Front 51

committees of correspondence

Back 51

committee of people including samuel adams who believed the british were out to plot against american colonies

Front 52

gaspee incident

Back 52

a british customs ship ran aground off the shore of RI, and colonists dressed up as native americans and set fire to the ship

Front 53

tea act

Back 53

parliament made british tea, even with tax, cheaper than dutch smuggled tea in an attempt to get the british east india company out of debt

Front 54

boston tea party

Back 54

still refusing to buy taxed tea, when a ship loaded with tea pulled into the harbor, colonists dressed up as natives and dumped 342 crates of tea into the ocean

Front 55

intolerbale acts

Back 55

the name the colonists gave the coercive acts

Front 56

coercive acts (1774)

Back 56

four acts done to punish the colonies for the boston tea party

Front 57

port act

Back 57

1. closing the boston port until the tea was paid for.

Front 58

massachussets government act

Back 58

2. increased the power of the crown and reduced that of massachussetts

Front 59

administration of justice act

Back 59

3. royal officials accused of crimes were tried in england.

Front 60

quatering act

Back 60

4. further expanded the quartering act to apply to all colonies

Front 61

quebec act

Back 61

established catholicism as the main religion in quebec, set up a gvmt w/o a representative assembly, and extended quebec to the ohio river

Front 62

enlightenment

Back 62

a movement that put emphasis on logical reasoning overcoming the dark ages

Front 63

deism

Back 63

god established natural laws in creating the universe, but when relating to human affairs, he was minimal

Front 64

rationalism

Back 64

human reason solved many problems of life and society.

Front 65

john locke

Back 65

came up with political philosophies during the enlightenment stating that although the gvmt is supreme it must follow certain natural laws because people have natural born rights

Front 66

jean-jacque rousseau

Back 66

expanded locke's idea of politics and greatly influenced the ideas of the revolution