Chapter #3

Front 1

Democrticus

Back 1

He was the first person to name the Atom. Called it "atomon" Meaning indivisible

Front 2

Aristotle

Back 2

Succeeded Democtritus and did not believe in atoms. He thought all matter was continuous.

Front 3

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 3

Mass in neither created not destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions and or physical changes.

Front 4

Lavoisier

Back 4

Came up with the Law of Conservation of Mass in 1785

Front 5

Law of Definite Proportions

Back 5

no matter how much salt you have, it is always 39.34 percent Na and 60.66 percent Cl

Front 6

Joseph Louis proust

Back 6

Came up with the Law of Definite Proportions in 1794

Front 7

Law of Multiple Proportions

Back 7

Two or more elements can combine to form different compounds in whole number ratios created by Dalton in 1803

Front 8

Dalton's Atomic Theory

Back 8

1. all matter is composed of extremely small particles call atoms
2. Atoms of a given element ares identical in size, mass, and other properties.
3.Atoms cannot be subdivided
$. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compunds
5. in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged

Front 9

Dalton's flaws in his atomic theory are...

Back 9

2. Atoms of a given element ares identical in size, mass, and other properties.
3.Atoms cannot be subdivided

Front 10

Structure of an atom

Back 10

2 main regions, nucleus and electron cloud

Front 11

nucleus

Back 11

very small region located at the center of the atom. The nucleus accounts for most of an atoms mass, but very little volume

Front 12

Other sub atomic particles

Back 12

photon, boson, gluon, lepton, muon

Front 13

amu-

Back 13

atomic mass unit Protons+Neutrons

Front 14

Franklin

Back 14

Demonstrated that lightning was electrical in 1752 with the kite experiment

Front 15

Michael Faraday

Back 15

Proposed that objects are negatively and positvely charged in 1832

Front 16

Sir william Crookes

Back 16

Created the Cathode Rays tubes
This proved that the beam was negatively charged because it attracted to the positive plate

Front 17

JJ Thompson

Back 17

Discovered electron in 1897
He used the cathode ray tube to prove this.

Front 18

Cathode Ray Tube accomplishments...

Back 18

proved the atom was divisible and all atoms contain electrons.
This contradicted Daltons theory.
This allowed for a new model of the atom(plum pudding)

Front 19

Robert A Millikan

Back 19

Pformed the oil drop experiment in 1909
He was able to prove the charge of an electron

Front 20

William Conrad Roentgen

Back 20

discovered X-Rays a form of radiations

Front 21

Radioactivity

Back 21

discovered by Henri Bequerel was studying a uranium mineral. He discovered it was spontaneously emitting high-energy radiation.

Front 22

Marie and Piere Curie

Back 22

in 1898, they attempted to isolate radioactive components of the mineral.

Front 23

Ernest Rutherford

Back 23

in 1899 a british scientist began to classify radiation in to alpha, beta, and gamma

Front 24

alpha

Back 24

positive

Front 25

beta

Back 25

negative

Front 26

gamma

Back 26

neutral

Front 27

Gold Foil Experiment

Back 27

Ernest Rutherford performed this experiment in 1911. He bombarded a thin piece of gold foil with fast moving, positively charged alpha particles.

Front 28

alpha particle

Back 28

are Helium-4 nuclei
2 protons
2neutrons
positive

Front 29

rutherford conclusion

Back 29

most of an atom is empty space
nucleus
nucleus is positively charged
nucleus is small
nucleus is very dense
all atoms have a nucleus

Front 30

james chadwick

Back 30

discovered the neutron in 1932

Front 31

atomic number

Back 31

the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of a given element

Front 32

Nuclear Forces

Back 32

Keeps the nucleus together

Front 33

mass number

Back 33

total number of protons and neutrons

Front 34

nuclide

Back 34

a general term for a specific isotope of an element

Front 35

isotope

Back 35

two or more atoms having the same atomic nuMBER, but different mass numbers

Front 36

daughter

Back 36

the resulting material of radioactive decay

Front 37

Nuclear reaction

Back 37

changes that occur in the nucleus

Front 38

All nuclei with atomic numbers above 83 are...

Back 38

radiactive

Front 39

half-life

Back 39

the time required for half of the atoms in any given quantity of a radiactive isotope to decay

Front 40

avagadrgo's number

Back 40

the number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance

Front 41

Mole

Back 41

6.02x10 ^23

Front 42

molar mass

Back 42

the mass of one mole of a pure substance