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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Perception
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The process through which we seek to understand and know other people
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Nonverbal Communication
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Communication between individuals that does not involve the content of spoken language. It relies on unspoken language of facial expressions, eye contact and body language
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Attribution
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The process though which we seek to identify the causes of others' behaviour and so gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions
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Impression Formation
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Process though which we form impressions of others
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Impression Management (self-presentation)
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efforts by individuals to produce favorable first impressions on others
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Staring
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A form of eye contact in which one person continues to gaze steadily in someone else's eyes
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Body Language
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Cues provided by the postion, posture and movement of other's bodies/body parts
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Microexpressions
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Fleeting facial expressions lasting only a few tenths of a second
Inter channel discrepancies: inconsistencies between nonverbal cues from diff. basic channels (someone who is lying has a hard time controlling facial expressions and their eyes) Eye contact: people who are lying blink more or show little eye contact Exaggerated Facial Expressions: lying person may smile more or |
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Linguistic Style
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Aspects of speech apart from the meaning of the words employed
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Correspondent Inference
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A theory describing how we use other's behaviour as a basis for inferring their stable dispositions
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Noncommon effects
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Effects produced by a particular cause that could not be produced by any other apparent cause
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Consensus
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Extent to which other people react to some stimulus/event as the person we are considering (more people who react in that way = higher consistency)
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Consistency
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Extent to which an individual responds to a given stimulus/situation in the same way on different occasions (across time)
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Distinctiveness
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Extent to which an individual responds in the same matter to different stimuli/events
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Kelley (1972)
- causal attributions |
More likely to attribute someone's behaviour to internal causes under conditions where consensus/distinctiveness are low but consistency is high
Contrast, we are most likely to attribute someone's behaviour to external causes when consensus/consistency/distinctiveness are all high Attribute someone's behaviour to both internal and external causes when consensus is low but consistency and distinctiveness are high |
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Other Dimensions of Causal Attributions cont'd
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Some internal causes of behaviour stay the same (personality traits/temperature) but other internal causes like like motives, health or fatigue can change
Some internal causes are controllable (people can hold their temperaments) External causes are the same |
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Action ID
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level of interpretation we place on an action; low level interpretations focus on the action itself, while higher-level interpretations focus on ultimate goals
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Correspondence Bias (fundamental attribution error)
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Tendency to explain other's actions stemming from dispositions even in the presence of clear situational causes (people act the way they do cause they are "that kind of person" rather than look at external causes)
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Fundemental Attribution Error (correspondence bias)
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Tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional cues on other behaviour
- people act the way they do cause they are "that kind of person" rather than look at external causes |
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Actor-Observe Effect
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Tendency to attribute our own behaviour mainly to situational causes but others to internal (dispositional) causes
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Self-Serving Bias
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Tendency to attribute + outcomes to internal causes but - outcomes/events to external causes
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Implicit Personality Theories
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Beliefs about what traits/characteristics tend to go together
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