Chapter 3

Front 1

In working with White clients, minority group counselors might run into which five problems?

Back 1

1. be unable to contain their anger and rage toward majority group clients as they are viewed as the oppressor.
2. have difficulty understanding the worldview of their clients.
3. be hindered in their ability to establish rapport.
4. be pulled between opposing tendencies of helping and harming their clients.
5. be guilty of imposing their racial realities upon clients.

Front 2

Describe the "Model Minority" Myth of Asian Americans

Back 2

They are a model minority who is immune to racism and prejudice.

Front 3

A study found that what percentage of African Americans and Hispanics believe that Asian Americans are unscrupulous, crafty, and devious in business?

Back 3

40%

Front 4

What is the "who's more oppressed" trap?

Back 4

The belief that a person of another minority can in no way equate their experiences of discrimination and prejudice with that of another and is less valid in their suffering. This only serves to separate rather than unify. Instead, minority groups should realize that all oppression is damaging.

Front 5

Why do persons of color have major hesitations and concerns about publicly airing interracial/interethnic conflicts, differences, and misunderstandings?

Back 5

Because of the possible political ramifications for group unity.

Front 6

Why is greater emphasis placed on the education of White trainees in regards to counseling the culturally diverse? (3 reasons)

Back 6

1. The majority of mental health providers are White or members of the majority group.
2. the theories and practices of counseling/therapy arise from a predominantly White, Western perspective and form the educational foundations of our graduate programs
3. White, male, and straight Euro-Americans continue to control and hold power in being able to determine normality/abnormality and to define mental health reality for marginalized groups.

Front 7

What are three reasons Sue gives for why people of color may be wary of discussing inter-ethnic and interracial misunderstandings and conflicts between various groups?

Back 7

1. May be used by those of power to assuage their own guilt ("people of color are equally racist")

2. May be used by those of power to divide and conquer.

3. May be used by those of power to divert attention away from the injustices of society by defining problems as residing between various racial minority groups.

Front 8

Racial/ethnic groups experience considerable 1______________, 2__________________, and 3_____________ towards one another as well.

Back 8

1. Mistrust
2. Envy
3. Misunderstandings

Front 9

People of color continue to hold beliefs and attitudes toward Whites that are very 1________________ and filled with resentments, anger, and strong 2________________

Back 9

1. Negative
2. Mistrust

Front 10

A therapist of color working with a White client may be different from a therapist or color working with a client of color because ________________ differentials still exist on a systemic level for white clients.

Back 10

Power

Front 11

Persons of color typically believe that people and nature are _________________ with one another.

Back 11

harmonious

Front 12

Which groups may maintain the values of collectivism?

Back 12

Asian, Native, Black, and Latino Americans

Front 13

In what Latinos call Familialism, a high valuation is placed on what?

Back 13

Family loyalty and unity

Front 14

How clients and counselors communicated with one another is often dictated by ________________ ______________________ that determine what is appropriate and inappropriate.

Back 14

cultural imperatives

Front 15

According to Sue, which group uses communication which:
tends to be direct, passionate and forthright (an indication of sincerity and truthfullness)

Back 15

African Americans

Front 16

According to Sue, which group uses communication which:
highly prizes a person's subtlety and indirectness in communication, as it is considered a sign of respect to the other person, and when disagreements are present, differences are discussed tactfully, avoiding direct confrontation.

Back 16

Asian Americans

Front 17

According to Sue, which group uses communication which:
may be non-confrontational, but communication styles may change depending on the varying levels of authority between two people

Back 17

Latino/a Americans and Native Americans

Front 18

According to Sue, which group uses communication which:
children are expected to respect their parents, to speak only when spoken to, to have younger siblings defer to older ones, and to yield to the wishes of someone with higher status.

Back 18

Latino/a Americans

Front 19

According to Sue, which group uses communication which:
value egalitarianism, where children are encouraged to freely express their thoughts and feelings

Back 19

White Americans

Front 20

According to Sue, which group uses communication which:
is egalitarian, animated and interpersonal, generating much emotion, affect, and feelings.

Back 20

African Americans

Front 21

The more __________________ the cultural attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are between client and counselor, the more conflict may exist in the therapeutic relationship.

Back 21

divergent

Front 22

For African Americans, the more ______________ a participant's racial identity is to him or her, the more important it is to be matched with a Black American counselor.

Back 22

salient

Front 23

Participants who placed less importance and salience on their own Black identity believed their counselor's __________________________ was more important in counseling.

Back 23

ideology

Front 24

When working with White clients, a counselor of color is likely to operate in a situation of _____________________

Back 24

power reversal

Front 25

A decision to explore of confront White client resistance to the counselor of color depends on what 5 factors?

Back 25

1. the counselor's comfort with his or her facial/cultural identity.
2. clinical significance of the behavior.
3. timeliness of the intervention.
4. strength of the relationship
5. the form in which the intervention would take place.

Front 26

In what two ways may beliefs that persons of color are less capable than Whites affect people of color?

Back 26

1. They may internalize these beliefs and stereotypes about themselves and their own group.
2. They can become victims of stereotype threat, despite not believing in their own inferiority.

Front 27

If a counselor of color internalizes these beliefs of their inferiority and stereotypes about themselves and their own group, what traps (2) may they fall into with their White clients?

Back 27

1. The need to prove their competence and capabilities, which must come from White society, thus seeking affirmation from White clients and abdicating their roles as experts.
2. The disinclination to see clients of color because it may bring to mind their own internalized racism that creates discomfort for them.

Front 28

Therapists of color with a healthy racial identity may still experience stereotype threat. Describe this situation.

Back 28

therapist is placed in a position in which they fear confirming a mistaken notion about themselves.

Front 29

What is transferring racial animosity toward white clients?

Back 29

a process of countertransference where the therapist of color transfers feelings of resentment, anger, and antagonism toward White society to the client.

Front 30

What a six ways counselors of color transferring racial animosity toward White clients can present itself?

Back 30

1. dismissing or diluting the pain and suffering of White clients.
2. being unable to form a working alliance.
3. having difficulty in being empathetic to their plight.
4. being ultrasenssitive to potential racial slights
5. distorting or misinterpreting their actions to include a racial motivation.
6. possessing an unconscious desire to harm rather than help White clients.

Front 31

Some White clients actually prefer a therapist of color over a White one. What three reasons does our book suggest for this phenomenon?

Back 31

1. White clients may possess an exaggerated sense of the therapist of color's qualifications. (only a superhuman minority could make it in the face of oppression!)
2. White clients may possess a mistake notions that a therapist of color can better sympathize/empathize with feelings of rejection, invalidation, and being misunderstood.
3. Therapists of color may be seen as experts on race relations, and some Whites may be attempting to deal with their own racial issues.

Front 32

True or false:
When differences between therapist and client are apparent or revealed, acknowledging them is important.

Back 32

True. They may affect the therapeutic process.

Front 33

When a therapist of color over-identifies with a client of color who may be facing racism, this is an example of

Back 33

countertranference

Front 34

Restraint of strong feelings is considered a sign of maturity, wisdom, and control among which group?

Back 34

Asian cultures.

Front 35

The Asian value of restraining strong feelings is in contrast to which group, who values emotional and physical closeness when communicating with each other?

Back 35

Latinos

Front 36

For which group is the presence of affect and passion in interpersonal interactions a sign of sincerity, authenticity, and humanness?

Back 36

African Americans.

Front 37

True or False:
White Americans and Asian Americans have a much closer conversing distance with one another than do Africans, Black Americans, and Latinos.

Back 37

False. The opposite is true.

Front 38

Because Asian Americans, Latino/a Americans, and Native Americans may be indirect in their communication styles and may avoid eye contact when listening and speaking, they are often pathologized as being __________________

Back 38

resistant to therapy