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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Somatic cells |
Aka body cells - reproduce by cell division - make up vast majority of organism's cells |
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Gametes |
Sex sex cells - half of chromosomes of parent & tiny fraction of organism's cells |
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Sperm |
Male gametes |
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Eggs (ova) |
Female gametes |
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Meiosis |
Process that produces gametes |
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Haploid |
Cells w/ half # chromosomes as parent (n) |
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Diploid |
Cells w/ complete set of chromosomes (2n) |
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Homologous chromosomes |
Corresponding chromosomes |
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Meiosis I |
Similar to mitosis during interphase & prophase (in metaphase and anaphase stay w/sister chromatids) |
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Meiosis II |
What happens w/ mitosis in metaphase & anaphase but w/ half # chromosomes |
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Fertalization |
Joining/fusing of two gametes |
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Diversity |
Variation among diff species/ w/in one |
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Alleles |
Different forms of genes (makes traits w/in species) |
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Dominant allele |
Will express it's trait if present |
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Recessive allele |
Only be expressed if both chromosomes have recessive allele |
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Conjugation |
When two unicellular organisms transfer/exchange genetic material |
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Hermaphrdite |
An organism that produces both male and female sex cells in the same individual |
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Stamen |
Male reproductive structure of plant |
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Filament |
Makes up stamen & supports anther |
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Anther |
Top of stamen & produces pollen |
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Pollen |
Contain male gamates |
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Pistil |
Female reproduction structure of plant |
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Stigma |
On top of pistil - receives pollen |
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Style |
Tube like - under stigma |
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Ovary |
Where eggs contained |
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Petals |
Coloured leaf like structures surrounding other structures |
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Sepals |
Tiny leaf like structures protect the flower in bud phase |
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Pollination |
Process where pollen moved from male structure to female structure |
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External fertilization |
Eggs and sperm unite outside the body |
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Internal fertilization |
Eggs and sperm untie inside female |
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Embryo |
When zygote divides |
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Seed |
Once egg been fertilized (inside ovary of flower) |
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Cotyledons |
Seed leaves |
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Germinate |
When seeds start to grow |
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Radicle |
Part of embryo that develops into roots |
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Epicotyl |
Becomes stem and leaves |
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Hypocotyl |
(In beans) pushes up through soil & protects epicotyl |
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Selective breeding |
Two organisms of one species (w/desirable traits) are bred w/each other |
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Artificial insemination |
Sperm collected from male & inserted into female |
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Recombinant DNA technology |
Combining genes from diff individuals/species into 1 DNA molecule |
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Genetically modified organisms |
Organism w/ genes intentionally altered |
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Placenta |
Organ that develops around fetus |
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Fetus |
Developing offspring |
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Umbilical cord |
Carries waste out & nutrients in to fetus - connects fetus to placenta |
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In vitro fertilization |
Builds on artificial insemination - sperm and eggs collected & fertilized in petri dish |
Ex. Platypus |
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Dicotyledons |
2 leaves on seed |
Ex. Kangaroo |
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Monocotyledons |
1 leaf on seed |
Ex. Humans |
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Monotremes |
Mammals that lay eggs |
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Marsupials |
Embryos don't develop for very long in uterus - climb into mother'a pouch |
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Placental Mammals |
Develop in mother much longer than marsupials |
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Egg |
Contains zygote, some nutrients & mechanism for protection |
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Amniotic egg |
Single embryo surrounded by shell |
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Amnion |
Fluid filled sac that cushions embryo |
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Yolk sac |
Stores food for embryo |
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Allantois |
Holds wastes produced by embryo |
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Chorion |
Controls movements of gases & wastes in & out of egg |
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Albumen |
Also cushions embryo & is additional source of food |
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