Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Land plants evolved from what?
|
-green algae called charophytes
|
|
|
what are the four key traits land plants share with charophytes?
|
1. Rings of cellulose synthesizing complex
2. Peroxisome enzymes 3. Structure of flagellated sperm 4. Formation of phragmoplast |
|
|
phragmoplast
|
- central region of mitotic spindle of a plant cell at telophase
|
|
|
sporopollenin
|
-a durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
|
|
|
Benefits of early charophytes movement to land
|
-pure sunlight
-more CO2 -soil with more nutrients -less herbivore and pathogens |
|
|
land presented challenges
|
-scarcity of water
-structural support |
|
|
What are the 4 key traits appear on land plants but not on charophytes?
|
1. Alternation of generations and multicellular dependent embryos
2. Walled spores produced in sporangia 3. Multicellular gametangia 4. Apical meristems |
|
|
Plant alternate between what 2 stages?
|
-gametophyte
-sporophyte |
|
|
gametophyte
|
-haploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis
|
|
|
sporophyte
|
-produces haploid spores by meiosis
-fusion of gametes produce diploid sporophyte |
|
|
placental transfer cells
|
-nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo
|
|
|
embryopytes
|
-land plants are called that because they depend on an embryo
|
|
|
how are spores produced and what they contain
|
-Sporophyte produce spores in sporangia
-diploid cells called sporocyte become haploid spores by meiosis -contain sporopollenin |
|
|
gametangia
|
-organ where gametes are produced
|
|
|
archegonia
|
-female gametangia where eggs are produced and site of fertilization
|
|
|
antheridia
|
-male gametangia that produce and release sperm
|
|
|
apical meristems
|
-kind of like the stem cells in humans
-can differentiate in various tissues |
|
|
cuticle
|
-waxy covering of the epidermis
|
|
|
Origin of plants
|
-Non-vascular plants
-Seedless vascular plants -Gymnosperms -angiosperms |
|
|
bryophyte
|
-refers to all non-vascular plants
|
|
|
bryophyte gametophyte
|
-gametophyte is larger and longer living
-sporophyte shorter and part of the time |
|
|
bryophyte sporophyte
|
-grow out of archegonia
|
|
|
what is a sporophyte consist off?
|
-foot, a seta, sporangium which discharges spores through peristome
|
|
|
ecological and economic importance of bryophytes or mosses
|
-help retain nitrogen in soil
-peat moss can be used as a source of fuel -reservoir of organic carbon |
|
|
what helped seedless vascular plants to grow tall?
|
-vascular tissues
|
|
|
what are vascular plants characterized by?
|
-dominant sporophyte lifecycle
-vascular tissues xylem and phloem -roots and leaves |
|
|
xylem
|
-vascular tissue that process the water and minerals and dead cells called tracheids
-lignin provides structural support |
|
|
phloem
|
-living cells that distribute sugars, amino acids and other nutrietns
|
|
|
what are roots and what do they do?
|
-anchor vascular plants
-help absorb water and nutrients from soil |
|
|
Leaves
|
-increase surface area of vascular plants to have more access to the sun
|
|
|
Microphylls and megaphylls
|
-leaves with a single vein
-leaves with a highly branched vascular system |
|
|
sporophyll
|
-leaves with sporangia
|
|
|
-sori
|
-clusters of sporangia
|
|
|
strobili
|
-cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls
|
|
|
homosporous and heterosporous
|
-one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte
-produce two type of spore that develop into megaspore and microspore |
|
|
significance of seedless vascular plants
|
-formed first trees
-increased growth and photosynthesis removed CO2 from atmosphere -coal |
