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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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recognizes pathogens in a non-specific manner. Activated immediately.
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Innate immunity
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called in when pathogen gets past innate immunity. Recognizes pathogens in a very specific manner.
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Adaptive immunity
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Immune cells derive from..
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precursor cells that are formed in bone marrow.
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Immune cells circulate thru ...
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blood and lymph systems.
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Erythrocytes (RBC):
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most abundant cells
No nucleus, function to carry oxygen from lungs to tissues. |
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include phagocytic cells, as well as lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
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Leukocytes (WBC)
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a liquid containing proteins, suspended cells, and various solutes
Also called ‘whole blood’ Clots quickly outside the body, due to fibrinogen being converted to fibrin. |
Plasma
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the liquid portion of whole blood, with insoluble materials excluded.
Antibodies and some proteins are in serum |
Serum
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thymus and bone marrow
Site of T and B cell maturation |
Primary lymphoid organs:
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lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, spleen
Site where immune cells become activated |
Secondary lymphoid organs:
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Types of leukocytes:
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dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, etc. as well as lymphocytes (T and B cells)
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T cells mature in the...
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thymus, B cells mature in the bone marrow.
Come from lymphoid precursor cells. |
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Immune cells that come from myeloid precursors are placed into 2 categories:
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Antigen-presenting cells (monocytes, macs, DCs)
Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, mast cells) |
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Innate immune response is activated...
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immediately upon arrival of pathogen.
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Complex interactions of innate immune cells are called...
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inflammation or inflammatory response.
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First responders:
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various phagocytes (‘cells that eat’).
Macs, monocytes, DCs, neutrophils Contain lysosomes Vesicles that contain bactericidal substances |
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fusion of lysosome and vesicle containing the pathogen itself.
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Phagolysosome
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Adaptive Immune Response
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Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells can take up and digest pathogens.
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B cells interact with...
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T helper 2 cells, and begin producing antibody.
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What properties are needed to induce an immune response?
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Molecular size: m.w. of 10,000+ are good immunogens.
Small antigens which are not immunogenic are called haptens. Molecular complexity: complex, non- repeating are good immunogens. Appropriate physical form: insoluble make best immunogens. |
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What properties are needed to induce an immune response?....
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Dose: usually varies widely but there is such thing as too much or too little!
Route of administration: injection, oral, topical, etc. Immunogen must be foreign to the host |
