Chapter 29 Heredity

Front 1

Diploid number of chromosomes are found in all cells except?

Back 1

gametes

Front 2

Genetics is the study of what?

Back 2

mechanism of heredity

Front 3

Karyotype

Back 3

diploid chromosomal complement displayed in homologous pairs

Front 4

Genome

Back 4

genetic dna makeup two sets of genetic instructions maternal and paternal

Front 5

Alleles

Back 5

alternate forms of the same gene

Front 6

Homozygous alleles

Back 6

alleles controlling a single trait are the same
Example~ EE or ee

Front 7

Heterozygous alleles

Back 7

alleles for a trait are different
Example~ Ee

Front 8

Dominant alleles

Back 8

an allele that masks or suppresses its recessive partner
or
an allele that is expressed whether in single or double dose

Front 9

Genotype

Back 9

the genetic make up
What our genes are

Front 10

Phenotype

Back 10

the way the genotype is expressed
the way we look

Front 11

Cross over of homologues creates?

Back 11

genetic variability

Front 12

Because of independent assortment and random fertilization an offspring represents one out of how many zygote possibilities?

Back 12

72 trillion
8.5 millionx8.5 million

Front 13

Punnett square

Back 13

predicts the possible gene combination's resulting from the mating of parents of known genotypes

Front 14

TT and tt are what type of allele?

Back 14

homozygous

Front 15

Tt is what type of allele?

Back 15

heterozygous

Front 16

With dominant recessive inheritance what is the likelihood of the percentages of the offspring using TT and tt?
What percent TT
What percent Tt
what percent tt

Back 16

25% TT
50% Tt
25%tt

Front 17

Heterozygotes?

Back 17

are carries of a trait that do not express it but can pass it on to their offspring

Front 18

Multiple-allele inheritance

Back 18

genes that exhibit more than two allele forms
example~ ABO blood grouping, height

Front 19

X chromosomes bear how many genes?

Back 19

over 2500

Front 20

Y chromosomes bear how many genes?

Back 20

78

Front 21

X linked genes are found where?
They are passed from who to two?

Back 21

Found only on the X chromosome
typically passed from mothers to sons

Front 22

Polygene Inheritance

Back 22

depends on several different gene pairs at different locations acting in tandem
Examples of this are skin color, eye color, and height
If a person carries this then their skin would be blotchy not dark skin or fair skin.. they would show both.

Front 23

Phenocopies

Back 23

environmentally produced phenotypes that mimic conditions caused by genetic mutation

Front 24

What are Epigentic Marks?

Back 24

Information stored in the proteins and chemical groups bound to DNA
Determine whether DNA is available for transcription or silenced
May predispose a cell to cancer or other devastating illness

Front 25

What is Genomic imprinting?

Back 25

tags genes as maternal or paternal and is essential for normal development
allows the embryo to express only the mothers gene or the fathers gene

Front 26

What is genomic imprinting?

Back 26

tags genes at maternal or paternal and is essential for normal development
allows the embryo to express only the mother's or fathers's gene

Front 27

What are two major avenues for identifying carries of genes?

Back 27

pedigrees and blood tests

Front 28

Amniocentesis

Back 28

amniotic fluid is withdrawn after the 14th week and fluid and cells are examined for genetic abnormalities

Front 29

Human Gene Therapy

Back 29

genetic engineering has the potential to replace a defective gene
the patients cells can be directly injected with corrected DNA

Front 30

What term is given to chromosomes other than our sex chromosomes?

Back 30

Autonomes

Front 31

An allele represented by a capital letter is presumed to be dominant or recessive?

Back 31

Dominant

Front 32

Harold is homozygous for the dominant alleles HH,CC, and LL and heterozygous for Bb and Kk. He is blond and blue eyed and hair a very hair chest. Which of these descriptions refer to his phenotype?

Back 32

Blond, Blue eyed, and hairy chest

Front 33

Independent assortment occurs during which stage of meiosis?

Back 33

Meiosis I

Front 34

Recombinant chromosomes

Back 34

mixed contributions from each parent caused when chromosomes break and exchange gene segments with their homologous counterparts during meiosis

Front 35

What at the sex linked traits determined by?

Back 35

genes on the sex chromosomes

Front 36

Which of the following factors may alter gene expression?
Other genes, measles in a pregnant woman, lack of key nutrients in the diet

Back 36

All three would alter gene expression

Front 37

Protein coding genes account for what percent of the DNA of a human cell?

Back 37

less than 2%

Front 38

what is a pedigree?

Back 38

traces a genetic trait through several generations and helps predict the future

Front 39

Blood chemistry tests and DNA probes detect what?

Back 39

the presence of unexpressed recessive genes

Front 40

What are the three sources of genetic variation?

Back 40

chromosome segregation and independent assortment
crossover of homologues and gene recombination
random fertilization of eggs by sperm

Front 41

autosomes

Back 41

chromosomes that dictate most body characteristics

Front 42

recessive allele

Back 42

an allele that must be present in double dose to be expressed

Front 43

What type of inheritance do only sons show the trait?

Back 43

sex liked

Front 44

What type of inheritance do homozygotes and heterozygotes have the same phenotype?

Back 44

dominant-recessive

Front 45

in what type of inheritance do heterozygotes exhibit a phenotype intermediate between those of the homozygotes?

Back 45

incomplete dominance

Front 46

In which type of inheritance reflects the activity of the mitochondrial DNA?

Back 46

extranuclear