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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are s/s of gastritis?
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anorexia, N/V, pain and tenderness in the stomach region, hiccoughs, and sometimes diarrhea. |
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what is treatment for gastritis?
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withholding all foods by mouth and administering drugs that slow down the peristaltic action of the GI tract |
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what is the diet for pts with gastritis?
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to avoid spicy foods and acidic foods |
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if H. pylori is present is gastritis what is done? |
antibiotic therapy is started |
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what are duodenal ulcers and some prepyloric ulcers associated with? |
an increased amount of hyperacidity of the gastric juices, and 70% are associated with H. pylori |
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what may cause a peptic ulcer?
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stress does having a bearing on a peptic ulcer. Tension, anxiety, and prolonged stress do alter gastric function. |
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what is a physiological ulcer caused by? |
prolonged physiological stress |
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who are stress ulcers hazardous for? |
pts who are severely ill and in intensive care units for prolonged periods |
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what are drug induced ulcers most commonly caused by?
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aspirin, NSAID's, alcohol, and glucocorticoids |
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what is a peptic ulcer?
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an ulceration with loss of tissue of the upper GI tract. The term includes both duodenal and gastric ulcers |
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what are subjective symptoms of an uncomplicated ulcer?
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epigastric pain that might be described as burning, gnawing, cramping, or aching and that usually comes in waves that last several minutes |
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what is an example of a gastric ulcer?
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the pain is diminished in the morning when secretion is low and after meals when food is in the stomach, and pain is most severe before meals and at bedtime |
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what is hematemesis? |
the vomiting of bright red blood, which indicates an active bleed or blood that has been sitting with gastric juices looks like coffee grounds |
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when do changes in vital signs signal hypovolemic shock? |
they do not appear till after the pt has lost 20% or more of the blood volume |
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what is treatment of a peptic ulcer? |
medications to relieve pain from local irritation of the intestinal mucosa include antacids, which reduce the pain of ulcer by neutralizing gastric acid |
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how is gastric bleeding treated? |
it is begun by inserting a larger-bore NG tube and using a normal saline lavage (pour water over) to monitor the quantity of bleeding and evacuate the blood, clots, and stomach contents |
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why are antacids given via the tube for gastric bleeding?
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to neutralize pepsin and help stop the bleeding |
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why are H2-antagonist or proton pump inhibitors used to treat gastric bleeding? |
to decrease or stop acid secretion |
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if H.pylori is present in a peptic ulcer what meds are given to treat it? |
clarithromycin (Biaxin) plus another antibiotic, an H2 inhibitor, and a proton pump inhibitor |
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what is misoprostol (Cytotec) used for?
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to replace gastric prostaglandins depleted by NSAID (aspirin) therapy and helps to prevent ulcer formation by NSAIDs |
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what is melena?
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stool ( black, tarry stools with digested blood) cause an unpleasant odor and the room must be kept as free from odor as possible |
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what are the 3 major complications of a peptic ulcer?
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2.perforation 3.obstruction |
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what is perforation of a peptic ulcer? |
erosion of the ulcer through all walls of the stomach or intestine. A spilling of the contents of the GI tract into the peritoneal cavity ensues; it constitutes a surgical emergency bc of the danger of hemorrhage and peritonitis. |
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what is perforation of and ulcer characterized by? |
a sudden and severe pain in the upper abdomen that persists and increases in intensity and sometimes is referred to the shoulders |
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what does obstruction occur from with an ulcer>? |
as a result of scarring and loss of musculature at the pylorus, narrowing the stomach outlet, and is manifested chiefly by persistent vomiting |
