Chapter 29 And 30 Vocab On Plants

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bryophytes

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A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.

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vascular plants

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A plant with vascular tissue. Vascular plants include all modern species except the mosses and their relatives.

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vascular tissue

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Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.

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pteridophytes

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Seedless plants with true roots with lignified vascular tissue. The group includes ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails.

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seed

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An adaptation for terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a resistant coat.

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gymnosperms

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A vascular plant that bears naked seeds—seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers.

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angiosperms

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A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

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charophyceans

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The green algal group that shares two ultrastructural features with land plants. They are considered to be the closest relatives of land plants.

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rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes

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Rose-shaped array of proteins that synthesize the cellulose microfibrils of the cell walls of charophyceans and land plants.

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phragmoplast

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An alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles across the mid-line of a dividing plant cell.

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embryophytes

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Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.

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placental transfer cells

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Plant cells that enhance the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo.

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alternation of generations

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A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.

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gametophyte

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The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.

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sporophyte

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The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.

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spore

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is a reproductive cell that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell

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sporopollenin

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A secondary product, a polymer synthesized by a side branch of a major metabolic pathway of plants that is resistant to almost all kinds of environmental damage; especially important in the evolutionary move of plants onto land.

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sporangia

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(plural, sporangia) A capsule in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop.

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spore mother cells

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The cells that undergo meiosis and generate haploid spores within a sporangium.

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gametangia

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(plural, gametangia) The reproductive organ of bryophytes, consisting of the male antheridium and female archegonium; a multichambered jacket of sterile cells in which gametes are formed.

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archegonia

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(plural, archegonia) In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

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antheridia

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(plural, antheridia) In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

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cuticle

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A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants

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stomata

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A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange.

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xylem

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The tube-shaped, nonliving portion of the vascular system in plants that carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

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phloem

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The portion of the vascular system in plants consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

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"deep green"

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An international initiative focusing on the deepest phylogenetic branching within the plant kingdom to identify and name the major plant clades

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Kingdom Streptophyta

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The name given to the group that includes the traditional plant kingdom and the green algae most closely related to plants, the charophyceans and a few related groups.

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Kingdom Viridiplantae

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The broadest version of the plant kingdom that includes the members of the kingdom Streptophyta plus the chlorophytes (non-charophycean green algae).

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Kingdom Plantae

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The traditional embryophyte definition of the plant kingdom.