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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gastroesophageal reflux
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reflux of gastric content into esophagus
through lower esophageal sphincter causes heartburn (pyrosis) leads to GERD |
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GERD sx
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pyrosis (30-60min. after eating)
belching chest pain reflux chronic throat clearing |
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complications of GERD
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barrett esophagus
stricture of the esophagus esophageal cell metaplasia |
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etiology of esophageal cancer
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Chronic GERD
Barrett's esophagus genetic obesity environmental |
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acute gastritis/gastroenteritis
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usually transient
d/t local irritants sx: anorexia, n/v/d, pyrosis, pain |
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chronic gastritis/gastroenteritis
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chronic inflammatory changes
epithelial atrophy H. pylori gastritis autoimmune gastritis chemical gastropathy |
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H. pylori
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gram negative bacteria
decreased ulcer healing rate increased recurrance increased risk of gastric cancer |
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peptic ulcer disease
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ulcerations in areas of upper GI tract exposed to acid-pepsin secreations
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complication d/t peptic ulcers
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hemorrhage
perforation peritonitis penetration outlet obstruction |
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sx of peptic ulcer
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burning, gnawing, cramping
rhythmic abdominal pain sx on empty stomach sx in epigastric region relieved by food, antacids |
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hemorrhage locations
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above stomach: frank hematemisis
in stomach: coffee-grounds emesis intestines (small amount): occult blood intestines (big amount): melena In rectum: hematochezia |
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paralytic ileus
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reflex paralysis
pain and sympathetic nervous stimulation cause the bowel to freeze in position |
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board-like abdomen
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Muscles of the abdominal wall tighten to protect the inflammed bowel
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irritable bowel syndrome
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disorder of chronic and recurrent GI sx w/no underlying structural or biochemical abnormalities
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sx of IBS
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Hallmark: abdominal pain releived by defecation, change in stool pattern
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Inflammatory bowel disease
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crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
lack evidence of a causative agent genetic remissions and exacerbations of diarrhea, fecal urgency, weight loss |
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Crohn's disease
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distal small intestines and proximal colon
submucosal layer skip lesions granulomatous lesions bowel wall becomes fibrotic |
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ulcerative colitis
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colon and rectum only
mucosal layer bloody diarrhea 30-40/day |
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sx of appendicitis
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geralized peri-umbilical pain
radiates to RLQ mcBurneys point n/v/d, fever |
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mechanical intestinal obstruction
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intussusception (overlapping)
volvulus (twisting) external hernias adhesions tumors, foreign bodies |
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Functional/paralytic intestinal obstruction
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impared/absent peristalsis
loss of propulsive activity d/t continuous pain, silent abdomen |
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celiac disease
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immune disorder
triggered by ingestion of gluten containing grains intense inflammatory reaction causes loss of absorptive villi from small intestines |
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colon polyps
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benign neoplasma
herniation into lumen of GI tract sx: rectal bleeding, abdominal pain |
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sx of colon cancer
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sometimes none
melena hematochezia pencil stools change in bowel habits |
