Chapter 28:the Onset Of The Coldwar

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Potsdam Conference

Back 1

The Potsdam Conference was a meeting of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States in Potsdam, Germany from July 17 to August 2, 1945. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Clement Attlee), the President of the United States (Harry S. Truman) and the leader of the USSR (Josif Stalin), all met to talk about Germany on July 1945 and were going to discuss what should happen to it now that the Second World War was over.

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Iron Curtain

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Chruchill-To refer to the boundary in Europe dividing the Soveit Union and Free Europe

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NATO

Back 3

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance, or the Western Alliance, is an international organization for peace and defense established in 1949.

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1948 Election

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Harry S. Truman (Democrat) Thomas E. Dewey (Republican) J. Strom Thurmond (States Rights Democrat) and Henry Wallace (Progressive) Once again the third and 4th powers swayed the vote from the correct elected president.

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Douglas MacArthur

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General Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 - April 5, 1964) was an American General who served in WWI, WWII, and the Korean War.

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"Self-Determination"

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The US pushed for self determination in the nations behind the Iron Curtain, but that was something that the Soviet Union wouldn't want so they militarily would take these nations.

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Lend Lease Aid

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Lend-Lease was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.

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Taft Hartley Act

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Act that is a United States federal law that monitors the activities and power of labor unions.

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McCarthyism (Joseph McCarthy)

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1950, Joseph McCarthy began to campaign against communists in the government that led to more than 4 years of changes and counterchanges ending when the Senate cesured him in 1954. It became the contemporary name for the red scare of 1950.

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Adial Stevenson

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noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent oratory, and promotion of liberal causes in the Democratic Party. He served as the 31st Governor of Illinois, and received the Democratic Party's nomination for president in 1952 and 1956

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CIA-& All Covert Actions (Iran, Guat&Lebanon)

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Overthrew the government in Iran and placing the Shah in full control of the country. Overthrew the leftist government in Guatemala.

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Sputnik

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Soviet Union's Aircraft launched in 1957

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Francis Gary Powers (U-R Indicent&"Open Skies")

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was an American pilot whose CIA[1] U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident. A proposal to allow reciprocal flights over one another's territory

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ICBM's

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In 1953, the USSR initiated, under the direction of the reactive propulsion engineer Sergey Korolyov, a program to develop an ICBM. This rocket, the R-7, was successfully tested in August 1957 becoming the world's first ICBM and, on October 4, 1957, placed the first artificial satellite in space, Sputnik. In the USA, competition between the U.S. armed services meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The U.S. initiated ICBM research in 1946 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches in 1948, of an intermediate rocket, were ever conducted. The U.S.' first successful ICBM, the 1.44-megaton Atlas D, was launched on July 29, 1959, almost two years after the Soviet R-7 flight

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Bernard Baruch

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was an American financier, stock-market speculator, statesman, and political consultant. After his success in business, he devoted his time toward advising U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt on economic matters. (rapid reduction of military forces) In 1976. Baruch presented a plan to control and outlaw nuclear weapons. It called for the United Nations to control weapons in 3 stages before the United States gave up stockpile. Soviets persisted for nuclean disarment and led to a nuclear arms race between teh United States and the Soviet Union.

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George Marshall

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George Catlett Marshall (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American military leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense. Once noted as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As Secretary of State, his name was given to the Marshall Plan, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.

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Dean Acheson

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was an American statesman and lawyer. As United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War. Acheson helped design the Marshall Plan and played a central role in the development of the Truman Doctrine and creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Acheson's most famous decision was convincing President Truman to intervene in the Korean War in June 1950.

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George Kennan

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Architect of Containment

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Andrei Gromyko

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the Soviet ambassador to the United States

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Chiang Kai-Sheik

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was a political and military leader of 20th century China.

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Mao Tse-Tung

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was a Chinese Communist leader. He was the leader of the People’s Republic of China

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Ho Chi Minh

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was the leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

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Vietnam

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is a country in Southeast Asia.

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Nikita Khrushchev

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First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin.

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NSC-68

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was a 58-page formerly-classified report issued by the United States National Security Council on April 14, 1950, It was one of the most significant statements of American policy in the Cold War. NSC-68 largely shaped U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War for the next 20 years.

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National Security Council

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executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security.

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National Security Act of 1947

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was signed by United States President Harry S. Truman on July 26, 1947, and realigned and reorganized the U.S. Armed Forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II.

Front 28

Containment

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George Kennan, strategy of the United States in the Cold War, Jennan argued that a firm American resistance to Soviet expansion would eventually compel moscow to adopt more peaceful policies. (since we cant kill the disease at least we can keep it in one spot)

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Marshall Plan

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1947, Marshall, Massive economic aid program to rebuild wartorn societies of Europe.

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Suez Crisis

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was a war fought by Britain, France, and Israel against Egypt beginning in 1956.
The attack followed Egypt's decision to nationalize the Suez Canal, after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the Aswan Dam

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Gamal Nasser

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was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death. made the Suez Canal to be returned to Egypt.

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Alger Hiss

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Alger Hiss congratulated in Moscow for his part in bringing about the Western betrayal at the Yalta Conference. convicted of perjury.

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Truman Doctrine

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The term Truman Doctrine is used to describe many of the decisions that President Harry Truman made during the Cold War.

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Berlin Airlift

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1948, response to Soviet land blockade of Berlin, US supplied 2 million Berlin citizens with goods by air for more than 6 months. The soviets were forces to end the blockade in 1949.

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Kim Il-Sung

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was the leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)

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38th Parallel

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seperated North and South Korea

Front 37

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are sentenced to death for performing espionage for the Soviet Union in 1951. Executed in 1953.

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Klaus Fuchs

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was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who in 1950 was convicted of supplying information from the Manhattan Project to the USSR during and shortly after World War II.

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Election of 1952

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Everybody likes Ike! Dwight D. Eisenhower (republican with 62%) against Adlia Stevenson (democrat)

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Military Industrial Complex

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it gained popularity after its use in the farewell address speech of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, to refer to policy relationships between governments, national armed forces, and the industrial sector that supports them. These relationships include political approval for research, development, production, use, and support for military training, weapons, equipment, and facilities within the national defense and security policy. It is a type of iron triangle.

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Council of Economic Advisers

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The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a group of three economists who advise the President of the United States on economic policy. It is a part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and provides much of the economic policy of the White House.

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John Foster Dulles

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served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from. He was a significant figure in Cold War, advocating an aggressive stance against communism.