Chapter 28 History Definitions

Front 1

Potsdam Conference

Back 1

meeting between US, UK, and Britain to make decisions concerning the post-WWII world

Front 2

Iron Curtain

Back 2

term coined by Churchill, described division of Eastern and Western Europe

Front 3

NATO

Back 3

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, formed in order to form collective security against any Soviet action

Front 4

1948 Election

Back 4

an upset election, Truman achieved victory over Dewey, despite overwhelming public opinion saying otherwise

Front 5

Douglas MacArthur

Back 5

American army general, led UN forces in Korea

Front 6

"Self Determination"

Back 6

idea that countries should decide their post WWII governments for themselves

Front 7

Lend Lease Aid

Back 7

program that gave aid to allied countries during WWII and postwar

Front 8

Taft Hartley Act

Back 8

prohibited unfair labor practices, prohibited "closed shops",

Front 9

McCarthyism – Joseph McCarthy

Back 9

US senator who accused various individuals of being communists, effectively ruined their careers. had little to no evidence, evidence he did have was usually outdated

Front 10

Adlai Stevenson

Back 10

two time Democratic presidential candidate, appointed as UN ambassador under Kennedy

Front 11

CIA

Back 11

Central Intelligence Agency, gathers intelligence on other countries/individuals for the US. responsible for a large number of covert operations in other countries during Cold War

Front 12

Francis Gary Powers (U-2 Incident) (“Open Skies”)

Back 12

American pilot, spy plane shot down over USSR sparking U-2 incident

Front 13

ICBM's

Back 13

intercontinental ballistic missile, long range missile capable of launching nuclear warheads

Front 14

Bernard Baruch

Back 14

successful financier who advised Wilson and Roosevelt on economic matters

Front 15

George Marshall

Back 15

led US in WWII, served as Secretary of State, developed Marshall Plan

Front 16

Dean Acheson

Back 16

Secretary of State under Truman, helped defined Cold War foreign policy

Front 17

George Kennan

Back 17

political figure, "father of containment"

Front 18

Andrei Gromyko

Back 18

Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, played a key role in the Cuban Missile Crisis

Front 19

Chiang Kai-Sheik

Back 19

Chinese nationalist leader, fought the communists in the Chinese Civil War

Front 20

Mao Tse-Tung

Back 20

leader of the communists in China, led the forces during the civil war and became the de facto head of state

Front 21

Ho Chi Minh

Back 21

Marxist revolutionary, led the Viet Cong in the Vietnam war

Front 22

Vietminh

Back 22

Vietnamese independence movement, oppose Frence occupation of Vietnam and US involvement in Vietnam war

Front 23

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 23

First Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR for 11 years, shared collective power with two others, noted for process of de-Stalinization

Front 24

NSC – 68

Back 24

classified US Security Council report, shaped US foreign policy during the Cold War

Front 25

National Security Council

Back 25

part of executive branch, coordinates policy on issues involving national security

Front 26

National Security Act 1947

Back 26

reorganized US army and shaped foreign policy

Front 27

Containment

Back 27

name of US policy aimed at containing the spread of communism

Front 28

Marshall Plan

Back 28

extended postwar aid to a number of western European countries

Front 29

Suez Crisis

Back 29

war involving Egypt against Israel, Britain, and France after Egypt made the decision to nationalize the Suez canal

Front 30

Gamal Nasser

Back 30

led Egypt Revolution of 1952, second president of Egypt

Front 31

Alger Hiss

Back 31

member of the US State Department accused of being Soviet spy

Front 32

Truman Doctrine

Back 32

stated that the US would aid any country, through military intervention, who was being oppressed by a group of people

Front 33

Berlin Airlift

Back 33

US dropped supplies from air to the citizens of West Berlin in response to Berlin Blockade

Front 34

Kim Il-Sung

Back 34

North Korean politician, led the country from its founding to his death, known as "Eternal President of the Republic"

Front 35

38th Parallel

Back 35

North Korea/South Korea border

Front 36

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Back 36

two individuals accused with conspiracy to commit espionage, sentenced to death

Front 37

Klaus Fuchs

Back 37

physicist accused of supplying the USSR with atomic secrets of multiple Western countries

Front 38

Election of 1952

Back 38

McCarthyism prominent at time, victory for Republican Eisenhower

Front 39

Military Industrial Complex

Back 39

refers to relations between government, armed forces, and arms industry

Front 40

Council of Economic Advisers

Back 40

three economic advisers that give advice to the president

Front 41

John Foster Dulles

Back 41

Secretary of State under Eisenhower, aggressive stance on communism