Chapter 28 Flashcards

Front 1

Potsdam Conference

Back 1

•a conference held in Potsdam in the summer of 1945 where Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill drew up plans for the administration of Germany and Poland after World War II ended.

Front 2

Adlai Stevenson

Back 2

United States politician and diplomat.

Front 3

McCarthy

Back 3

United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists

Front 4

McCarthyism – Joseph

Back 4

•McCarthyism is the politically motivated practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence

Front 5

Taft Hartley Act

Back 5

is a United States federal law that monitors the activities and power of labor unions. The act, still effective, was sponsored by Senator Robert Taft and Representative Fred A. Hartley, Jr.

Front 6

Lend Lease Aid

Back 6

the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945

Front 7

“Self Determination’

Back 7

the principle in international law, that nations have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or external interference.

Front 8

Douglas MacArthur

Back 8

United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; he accepted the surrender of Japan

Front 9

1948 Election

Back 9

Truman won, overcoming a three-way split in his own party. Truman's surprise victory was the fifth consecutive win for the Democratic Party in a presidential election. As a result of the 1948 congressional election, the Democrats would regain control of both houses of Congress.

Front 10

Iron Curtain

Back 10

•The concept of the Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991

Front 11

CIA

Back 11

an independent agency of the United States government responsible for collecting and coordinating intelligence and counterintelligence activities abroad in the national interest; headed by the Director of Central Intelligence under the supervision of the President

Front 12

Sputnik

Back 12

is a youth-oriented, mainly alternative German radio station, and is part of Leipzig-based public broadcaster MDR. The station, which plays primarily a huge variety of pop and rock music, is the successor to the East German youth station DT64, founded in 1964

Front 13

Francis Gary Powers

Back 13

an American pilot whose CIA U-2 spy plane was shot down while violating Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident.

Front 14

ICBM’s

Back 14

is a ballistic missile with a long range designed for nuclear weapons delivery. Due to their great range and firepower, in an all-out nuclear war, land-based and submarine-based ballistic missiles would carry most of the destructive force, with nuclear-armed bombers having the remainder.

Front 15

Bernard Baruch

Back 15

was an American financier, stock-market speculator, statesman, and political consultant. After his success in business, he devoted his time toward advising U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt on economic matters.

Front 16

George Marshall

Back 16

United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program.

Front 17

Dean Acheson

Back 17

United States statesman who promoted the Marshall Plan and helped establish NATO

Front 18

George Kennan

Back 18

diplomat and historian; the explorer's cousin and architect of the U.S. containment policy during the Cold War

Front 19

Andrei Gromyko

Back 19

Soviet ambassador to the United States and to the United Nations

Front 20

Chiang Kai-Sheik

Back 20

was a political and military leader of 20th century China.

Front 21

Mao Tse-Tung

Back 21

was a Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and communist leader. He led the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976

Front 22

Ho Chi Minh

Back 22

•Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South Vietnam until 1975

Front 23

Vietminh

Back 23

was a nationalist organization that was created during World War II. It was an underground army established by Ho Chi Minh fighting against foreign occupation by using guerrilla warfare

Front 24

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 24

was a Soviet politician during the Cold War era. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964

Front 25

NSC – 68

Back 25

a committee in the executive branch of government that advises the president on foreign and military and national security; supervises the Central Intelligence Agency

Front 26

National Security Council

Back 26

•a committee in the executive branch of government that advises the president on foreign and military and national security; supervises the Central Intelligence Agency

Front 27

National Security Act 1947

Back 27

•this was passed by congress and developed the department of defense ( to coordinate the three armed services), the National Security Council (to advise the president on security issues) and the central intelligence agency

Front 28

Containment

Back 28

•a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully; "containment of communist expansion was a central principle of United States' foreign policy from 1947 to the 1975"

Front 29

Marhall Plan

Back 29

•a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952); named after George Marshall

Front 30

Suez Crisis

Back 30

•started in 1956 when Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal. Shortly thereafter Israel, supported by France and Great Britain, invaded the Sinai Peninsula. Special peacekeeping forces, from neutral member nations, under UN command, brought an end to the hostilities

Front 31

Gamal Nasser

Back 31

was the second President of Egypt from 1954 until his death.

Front 32

Alger Hiss

Back 32

was an American lawyer, civil servant, businessman, author and lecturer. He was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department and UN official.

Front 33

Truman Doctrine

Back 33

is the common name for the Cold War strategy of containment versus the Soviet Union and the expansion of communism. This doctrine was first promulgated by President Harry Truman in an address to the U.S. Congress on February 27, 1947.

Front 34

Berlin Airlift

Back 34

•airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

Front 35

Kim Il-Sung

Back 35

was a Korean communist politician who led North Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death.

Front 36

38th Parallel

Back 36

is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. The 38th parallel north has been especially important in the recent history of Korea.

Front 37

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Back 37

were American communists who were executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges related to passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. This was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history.

Front 38

Klaus Fuchs

Back 38

British physicist who was born in Germany and fled Nazi persecution; in the 1940s he passed secret information to the USSR about the development of the atom bomb in the United States

Front 39

Election of 1952

Back 39

took place in an era when Cold War tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was escalating rapidly.

Front 40

Military Industrial Complex

Back 40

is a concept commonly used to refer to policy relationships between governments, national armed forces, and the industrial sector that supports them.

Front 41

Council of Economic Advisers

Back 41

is a group of three economists who advise the President of the United States on economic policy.

Front 42

John Foster Dulles

Back 42

served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era.