Chapter 28

Front 1

potsdan conference

Back 1

meething of yus president harry truman , winston churchiill, and jpsiph stalin after germanys surrender in wwii at which they divided germany into four zones of occupation

Front 2

zaibatsu

Back 2

huge corportations run by single families that monoplized the japanese economy efore wwii

Front 3

nuremberg trials

Back 3

war crimes trials of high-ranking nazi officials held by an internaional military tribunal in nuremberhg germany: began in 1945

Front 4

hideki tojo

Back 4

japans premier during the war, person sentenced to death

Front 5

United Nations

Back 5

international organization chartered in 1945: created to settle problems between nations

Front 6

trygve lie

Back 6

of norway that served as the un's first secretary-general

Front 7

eleanor roosevelt

Back 7

served as one of the first us delegates to the un

Front 8

zionism

Back 8

movement for a jewish homeland in palestine

Front 9

david ben-gurion

Back 9

zionist leader supported the idea that a movement for seeked a jewish homeland in palestine

Front 10

ralph bunche

Back 10

persuaded both sides to accept an armistice

Front 11

Cold War

Back 11

long power struggle between the us and the su: waged mostly on economic and political fronts, rather than onthe battlefield

Front 12

satellite nations

Back 12

countries controlled by the su

Front 13

george kennan

Back 13

a state department official and soviet expert, advised similar action

Front 14

containment

Back 14

us foreign policy followed during the Cold War that soughbt to prevent the expansion of soviet communism

Front 15

baruch plan

Back 15

bernard baruchs proposal to create an internaional agency that would impse [penalities on contries that violated internaional controls on muclear weapons

Front 16

atomic energy act

Back 16

federal law that created the atomic energy comminsssion to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime uses of atomic energy

Front 17

truman doctrine

Back 17

president harry truman s policy stating that the us would help any country fighting against communism

Front 18

george c. marshall

Back 18

Secretary of State

Front 19

marshall plan

Back 19

european ercovery program: us program of gingin money to european contries to help them rebuild their economies after wwii

Front 20

berlin airlift

Back 20

operation in which british and us planes carried food and supplies to West Berlin, which was cut off by soviet blockade

Front 21

nato

Back 21

North Atlantic treay organization: alliance fromed in 1949 by the us, Western European nations, and other countries to help defend each other in case of attack

Front 22

Warsaw Pact

Back 22

militrary allieance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union an other Eastern European communist contries

Front 23

chiang kai-shek

Back 23

led the kuomintang, or nationalist party, against the chinese communists

Front 24

Mao Zedong

Back 24

communist party leader that made reforms that gave land to peasants

Front 25

kim il sung

Back 25

communist North Korea , bacame known as the democratic peoples Republic of Korea

Front 26

syngman rhee

Back 26

South Korea president , called Republic of Korea

Front 27

douglas macarthur

Back 27

us army Far East commander

Front 28

dwight d eisenhower

Back 28

wwii hero as presidential canidate for the republicans

Front 29

brinkmanship

Back 29

policy in the 1950 sthat called for threatening all-out war in order to confront communist aggression

Front 30

Central Intelligence Agency

Back 30

federal agency created in the late 1940s to conduct cover operations

Front 31

nikita khrushchev

Back 31

soviet leader

Front 32

national security council

Back 32

organization created in 1947 by congresss to advise the president on stategic matters

Front 33

house un-american activities committee

Back 33

congressional committee originally created in 1938 to investigate fascits: became kinows for investigatin us cirizens accused of communist ties in the late 1940s

Front 34

hollywood ten

Back 34

group of film directors and writers who went to jail rather than answer questions from the HUAC

Front 35

alger hiss

Back 35

was accused of being a communist spy, which he was later found guilty of

Front 36

julius and ethel rosenberg

Back 36

were convicted of providing the Soviet Union with atomic energy secrets during wwii

Front 37

internal security act

Back 37

law that required suspected communist groups to refister with the government and imposed controls on immigrants suspected of eing communist sympathizers

Front 38

joseph mccarthy

Back 38

us senator from wisconsin, convinced americans there were spies everywhere

Front 39

margaret chase smith

Back 39

republican senator from maine that challenged joseph mccarthy

Front 40

hydrogen bomb

Back 40

h-bomb: a type of nuclear bomb

Front 41

billy graham

Back 41

evangelist that attracted people and warned them of the danger of nuclear war and brought them to god

Front 42

sputnik

Back 42

the world fitst artificial staellite: launched by the Soviet Union in 1957

Front 43

national aeronautics and space administration

Back 43

agency established by congress in 1958 to promote space technology

Front 44

national defense education act

Back 44

military preparedness program established prior to us entry into wwi that increased the size of the national guard and the regular us army