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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Potsdam Conference?
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(1945) Meeting of U.S. president Harry S.Truman, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin after Germany's surrender in World War II at which they divided Germany into four zones of occupation.
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What is Zaibatsu?
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Huge corporation run by single families that monopolized the Japanese economy before World War II.
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What are Nuremberg Trials?
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War crimes trials of high-ranking Nazi officials held by an international military tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany; began in 1945.
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Who is Adolf Eichmann?
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an architect of the Jewish extermination program, avoided immediate prosecution by hiding their identities and escaping to Latin America.
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Who was Hideki Tojo?
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Where seven people were sentenced to death, including Hideki Tojo, Japan's premier during the war.
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What are United Nations?
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(UN) International organizations chartered in 1945; created to settle problems between nations.
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Who is Trygve Lie?
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of Norway served as the UN's first secretary-general.
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Who is Eleanor Roosevelt?
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served as one of the first U.S. delegates to the UN.
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What is Zionism?
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Movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
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Who is David Ben-Gurion?
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had supported the idea since the early 1900s.
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Who is Ralph Bunche?
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was a second UN mediator, U.S. diplomat Ralph Bunche, persuaded both sides to accept an armistice.
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What is Cold War?
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(1945-1991) Long power struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union; waged mostly on economic and political fronts, rather than on the battlefield.
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What are satellite nations?
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Countries controlled by the Soviet Union.
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Who is George Kennan?
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a State Department official and Soviet expert, advised similar action.
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What is containment?
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or restricting the expansion of Soviet communism.
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What is Baruch Plan?
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(1946) Bernard Baruch's proposal to create an international agency that would impose penalties on countries that violated international controls on nuclear weapons.
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What is Atomic Energy Act?
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(1946) Federal law that created the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime uses of atomic energy.
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Who is Truman Doctrine?
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(1947) President Harry S. Truman's policy stating that the United States would help any country fighting against communism.
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Who is George C. Marshall?
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Secretary of State George C. Marshall shared this belief. Born in 1880 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Marshall was a very shy boy.
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What is Marshall Plan?
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European Recovery Program; U.S. program of giving money to European countries to help them rebuild their economics after World War II.
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What is Berlin Airlift?
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(1948-1949) Operation in which British and U.S. planes carried food and supplies to West Berlin, which was cut off by a Soviet blockade.
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What is NATO?
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization; alliance formed in 1949 by the United States, Western European nations, and other countries to help defend each other in case of attack.
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What is Warsaw Pact?
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Military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and other Eastern European communist countries.
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Who is Chiang Kai-shek?
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(also known as Jiang Jieshi) led the Kuomintang (KWOH-min-TANG), or Nationalist Party, against the Chinese Communists.
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Who is Mao Zedong?
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a communist party leader that made reforms that gave land to peasants.
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Who is Kim II Sung?
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In 1948 North Korea and South Korea set up separate governments.Communist North Korea, led by Kim II Sung, became known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
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What is Syngman Rhee?
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South Korea, under President Syngman Rhee (SING-muhn REE), called itself the Republic of Korea.
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Who is Douglas MacArthur?
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who was the U.S. Army's Far East commander.
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Who is Dwight D. Eisenhower?
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was a WWII hero General Dwight Eisenhower as their presidential candidate.
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What is a brinkmanship?
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Policy in the 1950s that called for threatening all-out war in order to confront Communist aggression.
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What is Central Intelligence Agency?
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(CIA) to gather strategic information and pursue his Cold War goals.
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Who is Nikita Khrushchev?
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In February 1956 Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev (KROOSH-chawf) stunned political observers by publicly accusing his predecessor, Joseph Stalin who had died in 1953 of having committed many ruthless crimes.
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What is U-2-incident?
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Incident in which U.S. pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured while spying on the Soviet Union; worsened relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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What is National Security Council?
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(NSC) to advise the president on strategic matters.
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What is House Un-American Activities Committee?
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(HUAC) which had originally been established in 1938 to investigate fascist groups in the United States.
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What is Hollywood Ten?
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Group of film directors and writers who went to jail rather than answer questions from the House Un-American Activities Committee.
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Who is Alger Hiss?
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In 1948 Whittaker Chambers, a former member of the Communist Party, accused Alger Hiss of being a Communist spy.
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Who are Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
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In 1951 a U.S. court convicted two Americans, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, of providing the Soviet Union with atomic-energy secrets during World War II.
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What is Internal Security Act?
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(1950) Law that required suspected Communist groups to register with the government and imposed controls on immigrants suspected of being Communist sympathizers.
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Who is Joseph McCarthy?
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a U.S. senator from Wisconsin, helped fuel these suspicions.
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Who is Margaret Chase Smith?
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a Republican senator from Maine.
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What is Hydrogen Bomb?
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H-bomb; a type of nuclear bomb.
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Who is Billy Graham?
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Evangelists such as Billy Graham attracted large audiences during the 1950s.
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What is Sputnik?
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The world's first artificial satellite; launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.
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What is National Aeronautics and Space Administration?
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(NASA) Agency established by Congress in 1958 to promote space technology.
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What is National Defense Education Act?
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(1916) Military "preparedness" program established prior to U.S. entry into World War I that increased the size of the National Guard and the regular U.S. army.
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