Chapter 28

Front 1

Zaibatsu

Back 1

Huge corporations run by single families that had monopolized the Japanese economy

Front 2

Nuremberg Trials

Back 2

The German war crimes trials that took place in Nuremberg, Germany

Front 3

Adolf Eichmann

Back 3

An architect of the Jewish extermination program that avoided immediate prosecution by hiding their identities and escaping to Latin America

Front 4

Hideki Tojo

Back 4

Japan's premier during the war who was sentenced to death

Front 5

United Nations

Back 5

A proposal for a postwar international organization that the Allies came up with

Front 6

Trygve Lie

Back 6

Served as the UN's first secretary-general from Norway

Front 7

Eleanor Roosevelt

Back 7

Served as one of the first U.S. delegates to the UN

Front 8

Zionism

Back 8

The movement seeking a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Front 9

David Ben-Gurion

Back 9

Zionist leader who had supported Zionism for a long time

Front 10

Ralph Bunche

Back 10

The second UN mediator and U.S. diplomat who was the first African American to receive the Nobel Peace Prize

Front 11

Potsdam Conference

Back 11

Meeting of U.S. president Harry S Truman, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin after Germany's surrender in WWII at which they divided Germany into four zones of occupation

Front 12

Cold War

Back 12

The competition for global power and influence between the United States and the Soviet Union

Front 13

Satellite Nations

Back 13

The countries under Soviet control in the Cold War

Front 14

George Kennan

Back 14

A State Department official and Soviet expert

Front 15

Containment

Back 15

Restricting the expansion of Soviet communism

Front 16

Baruch Plan

Back 16

Bernard Baruch's proposal to create an international agency that would impose penalties on countries that violate international controls on nuclear weapons

Front 17

Atomic Energy Act

Back 17

Federal law that created the ATomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime uses of atomic energy

Front 18

Truman Doctrine

Back 18

President Harry S Truman's policy stating that the US would help any country fighting against communism

Front 19

George C. Marshall

Back 19

Secretary of State who thought that the US should help Europe

Front 20

Marshall Plan

Back 20

European Recovery Program; US program of giving money to European countries to help them rebuild their economies after WWII

Front 21

Berlin Airlift

Back 21

Operation in which British and US planes carried food and supplies to West Berlin, which was cut off by a Soviet blockade

Front 22

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Back 22

A military alliance between the US, Canada, Iceland, and 9 western European countries. They pledged to protect each other in the event of an outside attack

Front 23

Warsaw Pact

Back 23

Military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and other Eastern European communist countries

Front 24

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 24

Led the Nationalist Party against the Chinese Communists

Front 25

Mao Zedong

Back 25

The communist party leader in China

Front 26

Kim Il Sung

Back 26

Leader of the communist North Korea

Front 27

Syngman Rhee

Back 27

President of South Korea

Front 28

Douglas MacArthur

Back 28

The US Army's Far East commander

Front 29

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 29

WWII hero who became president in 1952

Front 30

Brinkmanship

Back 30

Policy in the 1950s that called for threatening all-out war in order to confront Communist aggression

Front 31

Central Intelligence Agency

Back 31

Federal agency created in the late 1940s to conduct convert operations

Front 32

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 32

Soviet leader who publicly accused his predecessor, Joseph Stalin of having committed many ruthless crimes

Front 33

National Security Council

Back 33

Organization created in 1947 by Congress to advise the president on strategic matters

Front 34

House Un-American Activities Committee

Back 34

Congressional committee originally created in 1938 to investigate fascists; became know for investigating US citizens accused of communist ties in the late 1940s

Front 35

Hollywood Ten

Back 35

Group of film directors and writer who went to jail rather than answer questions for the House Un-American Activities Committee

Front 36

Alger Hiss

Back 36

Accused of being a Communist spy and lied about not being one

Front 37

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Back 37

Two Americans convicted of providing the Soviet Union with atomic-energy secrets during WWII

Front 38

Internal Security Act

Back 38

Law that required suspected Communist groups to register with the government and imposed controls on immigrants suspected o being Communist sympathizers

Front 39

Joseph McCarthy

Back 39

A US senator from Wisconsin who helped convict many communists

Front 40

Hydrogen bomb

Back 40

H-bomb; a type of nuclear bomb

Front 41

Billy Graham

Back 41

An evangelist who warned of the danger of nuclear war and urged American to turn to God. He attracted large audiences in the 1950s

Front 42

Sputnik

Back 42

The world's first artificial satellite; launched by the Soviet Union in 1957

Front 43

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Back 43

Agency established by Congress in 1958 to promote space technology

Front 44

National Defense Education Act

Back 44

Federal law that appropriated money to improve education in science, math, and foreign languages