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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Potsdam Conference
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was held at Cecilienhof Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The three nations were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and later Clement Attlee, and President Harry S. Truman.gathered to decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Nazi Germany
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Iron Curtain
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symbolized the ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1989. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances
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NATO
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is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949.
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1948 election
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is considered by most historians as the greatest election upset in American history. Truman won, overcoming a three-way split in his own party.
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Douglas MacArthur
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was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II
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“Self Determination’
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is the principle in international law, that nations have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or external interference.
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Lend Lease Aid
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was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.
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Taft Hartley Act
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is a United States federal law that monitors the activities and power of labor unions. The act, still effective, was sponsored by Senator Robert Taft and Representative Fred A. Hartley, Jr. and legislated by overriding U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto on June 23, 1947; labor leaders called it the "slave-labor bill
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McCarthyism – Joseph McCarthy
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is a term used to describe the making of accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence. The term has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare.
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Adlai Stevenson
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was an American politician, noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent oratory, and promotion of liberal causes in the Democratic Party
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CIA – and all covert actions (Iran, Guatemala, Lebanon
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is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government, reporting to the Director of National Intelligence, responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior United States policymakers. The CIA also engages in covert activities at the request of the President of the United States of America
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Sputnik
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the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, and was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik program
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Francis Gary Powers (U-2 Incident) (“Open Skies”)
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was an American pilot whose CIA U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident
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ICBM’s
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is a ballistic missile with a long range typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery. Due to their great range and firepower, in an all-out nuclear war, land-based and submarine-based ballistic missiles would carry most of the destructive force, with nuclear-armed bombers having the remainder.
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Bernard Baruch
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was an American financier, stock-market speculator, statesman, and political consultant. After his success in business, he devoted his time toward advising U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt on economic matters.
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George Marshall
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was an American military leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense. "organizer of victory". leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. Marshall served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser
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Dean Acheson
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was an American statesman and lawyer. As United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War.
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George Kennan
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was an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.
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Andrei Gromyko
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was a Soviet statesman from the beginning to the end of the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR from 1957 to 1985, and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, from 1985 to 1987. Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy.
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Chiang Kai-Sheik
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was a political and military leader of 20th century China
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Mao Tse-Tung
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was a Han Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and communist leader. He led the People's Republic of China.
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Ho Chi Minh
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was a Vietnamese Marxist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1946–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and led the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War until his death.
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Vietminh
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was a national independence movement founded in South China on May 19, 1941. The Việt Minh initially formed to seek independence for Vietnam from the French Empire. When the Japanese occupation began, the Việt Minh opposed Japan with support from the United States and the Republic of China. After the Second World War, the Việt Minh opposed the re-occupation of Vietnam by France and later opposed the United States in the Vietnam War.
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Nikita Khrushchev
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led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964
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NSC – 68
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was a 58-page formerly-classified report issued by the United States National Security Council on April 14, 1950, during the presidency of Harry S. Truman. Written during the formative stage of the Cold War, it was top secret until the 1970s when it was made public. It was one of the most significant statements of American policy in the Cold War. NSC-68 largely shaped U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War for the next 20 years.
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National Security Council
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is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security.
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National Security Act 1947
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was signed by United States President Harry S. Truman on July 26, 1947, and realigned and reorganized the U.S. Armed Forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II. The majority of the provisions of the Act took effect on September 18, 1947
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Containment
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was a United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to stall the spread of communism, enhance America’s security and influence abroad, and prevent a "domino effect".
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Marhall Plan
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was the primary program, 1947–51, of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger economic foundation for the countries of Europe.
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Suez Crisis
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was a war fought by Britain, France, and Israel against Egypt beginning on 29 October 1956..
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Gamal Nasser
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was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death
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Alger Hiss
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was an American lawyer, civil servant, businessman, author, and lecturer. He was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department and UN official. Hiss was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950.
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Truman Doctrine
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was a policy set forth by U.S. President Harry S Truman on March 12, 1947 stating that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere.
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Berlin Aircraft
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organized to carry supplies to the people in West Berlin
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Kim Il-Sung
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was a Korean communist, and later Juche, politician who led North Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death in 1994
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38th Parallel
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is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. The 38th parallel north has been especially important in the recent history of Korea.
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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
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were American communists who were executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges related to passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. This was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history.
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Klaus Fuchs
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was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who in 1950 was convicted of supplying information from the American, British and Canadian atomic bomb research (the Manhattan Project) to the USSR during and shortly after World War II.
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Election of 1952
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took place in an era when Cold War tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was escalating rapidly. In the United States Senate, Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin had become a national figure after chairing congressional investigations into the issue of Communist spies within the U.S. government. McCarthy's so-called "witch hunt", combined with national tension and weariness after two years of bloody stalemate in the Korean War and the early 1950s recession, set the stage for a hotly-fought presidential contest.
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Military Industrial Complex
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is a concept commonly used to refer to policy relationships between governments, national armed forces, and the industrial sector that supports them.
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Council of Economic Advisers
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is a group of three economists who advise the President of the United States on economic policy
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John Foster Dulles
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served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world. He advocated support of the French
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