Chapter 27: The Thorax And Abdomen

Front 1

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries:
Rib Contusion

Back 1

** Etiology:
- Blow to the rib cage can bruise ribs, musculature or result in fracture

** Signs and Symptoms:
- Painful breathing (particularly if muscles are involved)
- Point tenderness; Pain with rib compression

Front 2

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries: Costochondral Seperation

Back 2

** Etiology:
- Result of a direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the rib cage

** Signs and Symptoms:
- Localized pain in region of costochondral junctions
- Pain with movement; difficulty with breathing
- Point tenderness and possible deformity

Front 3

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries:
Lung Injuries (4): Pneumothora

Back 3

- Pleural cavity becomes filled with air, negatively pressurizing the cavity, causing a lung to collapse

- Will produce pain, difficulty with breathing and anoxia

Front 4

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries:
Lung Injuries (4): Tension Pneumothorax

Back 4

- Pleural sac on one side fills with air displacing lung and heart, compressing the opposite lung

- May cause shortness of breath, chest pain, absence of breath sounds, cyanosis, distention of neck veins, deviated trachea

Front 5

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries:
Lung Injuries (4): Hemothorax

Back 5

- blood in pleural cavity causes tearing or puncturing of the lungs or pleural tissue

- Painful breathing, dyspnea, coughing up frothy blood and signs of shock

Front 6

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries:
Lung Injuries (4): Traumatic Asphyxia

Back 6

- Result of a violent blow or compression of rib cage

- Causes cessation of breathing

- Signs include purple discoloration of the trunk and head, conjunctivas of the eye

- Condition requires immediate mouth to mouth resuscitation

Front 7

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries: Hyperventilation

Back 7

** Management:

- Decrease rate of carbon dioxide loss
- Slow respiration rate and alter respiration techniques
- Breath into a bag
- Normal respiration should return within 1-2 minutes, initial cause must be determined

Front 8

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries: Sudden Cardiac Death Syndrome in Athletes

Back 8

**Etiology:

- Hypertrophic cardiomyophathy - thickening of cardiac muscle with no increase in chamber size

- Anomalous origin of coronary arteries

- Marfan's syndrome - abnormality in connective tissue results in weakening of aorta and cardiac vessels

Front 9

Injuries and Conditions of the Abdomen:
Kidney Contusion

Back 9

- Result to an external force
- Susceptible to injury due to normal distention of blood
- Hematuria (blood in urine)

Front 10

Injuries and Conditions of the Abdomen:
Liver Contusion

Back 10

- Blunt trauma - right side of rib cage
- Presents with pain in the right scapular, should and sub-sternal area and occasionally in left anterior side of the chest

Front 11

Injuries and Conditions of the Abdomen:
Appendicitis

Back 11

-inflammation of the vermiform appendix
- Early stage presents as a gastric complaint, that gradually develops from red swollen vessel to a gangrenous structure that can rupture into bowels causing peritonitis
- Mild to severe pain in the lower abdomen

Front 12

Mcburney's Point

Back 12

pain may localize in the lower right abdomen

Front 13

Injury to Lymphatic Organ and Abdominal Wall: Injury of the Spleen

Back 13

- Result of a direct blow or infectious mononucleosis

Front 14

Kehr's sign

Back 14

pain in the left shoulder

Front 15

Abdominal Music Strain

Back 15

- result of sudden twisting or reaching of trunk, tearing the abdominal musculature
- Severe pain and hematoma formation
- Generally involves in rectus abdominis
- Ice and compression with conservative treatment
- Exercise within pain free limits

Front 16

Herina "rupture"

Back 16

- Found more common in men then women
- Protrusion of abdominal viscera through portion of abdominal wall

Front 17

Blow to Solar Plexus

Back 17

- Also known was "getting the wind knocked out of you"
- transitory paralysis of the diaphragm due to a direct blow to the stomach