Chapter 27 Terms

Front 1

Janissaries

Back 1

Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the 15th century until the corps was abolished in 1826.

Front 2

Serbia

Back 2

The Ottoman province in the Balkans that rose up against the Janissary control in the early 1800s. After WW2 the central province of Yugoslavia. Serb leaders struggled to maintain dominance as the Yugoslav federation dissolved in the 1990s.

Front 3

Tanzimat

Back 3

“Reconstructing” reforms by the 19th century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient.

Front 4

Crimean War

Back 4

Conflict between Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottoman.

Front 5

Percussion cap

Back 5

Gunpowder- filled capsules that, when struck by the hammer of a gun, ignite the explosive charge in a gun. Their use meant that guns no longer needed to be ignited by hand.

Front 6

Breech- loading Rifle

Back 6

Gun into which the projectiles had to be individually inserted. Later guns had magazines a compartment holding multiple projectiles that could be fed rapidly into the firing chamber.

Front 7

Extraterritoriality

Back 7

The right if foreign residents in a country to live under the laws of their native country and disregard the laws of the host country. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, European and American nationals living in certain areas of Chinese and Ottoman cities were granted these rights.

Front 8

Opium War

Back 8

War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government’s refusal to permit the importation if opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking.

Front 9

Bannermen

Back 9

Hereditary military servants of the Qing Empire, in large part descendants of peoples of various origins who had fought for the founders of the empire.

Front 10

Treaty of Nanking

Back 10

Treaty that ended the Opium War, It awarded Britain a large indemnity from the Qing Empire, denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own borders, opened additional ports of residents to Britons and ceded the island of Hong Kong to Britain.

Front 11

Treaty Ports

Back 11

Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between Qing Empire and foreign signatories. In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality.

Front 12

Most-favored-nation status

Back 12

A clause in a commercial treaty that awards to any later signatories all the privileges preciously granted to the original signatories.

Front 13

Taiping Rebellion

Back 13

The most destructive civil war before the 20th century. A Christian- inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire.

Front 14

Meiji Restoration

Back 14

The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.