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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Core Concepts |
-How to recognize arterial, venous, and capillary bleeding
-How to evaluate the severity of external bleeding -How to control external bleeding -Signs, symptoms, and care of pt with internal bleeding -Signs, symptoms and care of a pt with shock |
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Function of blood |
-Transport gases
-Nutrition -Excretion -Protection -Regulation |
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Arterial Bleeding |
Spurting with heartbeat Most difficult to control Bright red color Rich in O2 |
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Venous Bleeding |
Steady, slow flow Dark red color Rich in CO2 and waste |
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Capillary Bleeding |
Slow and oozing Easily controlled Stops spontaneously |
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Methods to control bleeding |
Direct Pressure Elevate Pressure Dressing Tourniquet (Last) Splinting Cold application PASG (pneumatic anti-shock garment) |
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Direct Pressure |
Apply firm pressure to wound with gloved hand Hold pressure until bleeding is controlled If necessary, add dressing when lower ones are saturated Never remove bandages When controlled, check for distal pulse |
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Elevate |
Elevate injured extremity above level of the heart while applying direct pressure Don't elevate is musculoskeletal injury is suspected |
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Pressure Dressing |
Place several gauze pads on wound Hold dressings in place with self-adhering roller bandage wrapped tightly over dressings Enough pressure to control bleeding |
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Hemostatic Agents |
Commonly, dresing containing substance that absorbs and traps RBCs Can be wadded up and inserted into wound May be powder poured directly into the wound Manual pressure is always necessary |
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Tournique |
Use if bleeding is uncontrolled, and only on injured extremities |
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Pt assessment |
Monitor respirations Open Airway Ventilate if necessary Control bleeding (Assess skin color, temperature, condition) -Look at lips, fingernails, eyes, palms of hand; soles of feet |
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Special Bleeding: Head injury |
From increased intracranial pressure, not direct trauma. Trying to stop bleeding only increases intracranial pressure Care: Allow fluid to flow freely, use gauze to collect it. |
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Special Bleeding: Nosebleed |
-Have pt sit and lean forward -Apply direct pressure to fleshy portion of nostrils -Keep pt calm and quiet -Don't let pt lean back |
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Internal Bleeding |
Damage to internal organs and large blood vessels, can result from injuries to extremities Leading causes of internal bleeding: -Falls -MVCs -Blast injuries -Penetration trauma Signs: -Injuries to surface of body -Bruising, swelling, pain over vital organs -Painful, swollen, deformities -Bleeding from mouth, rectum, vagina -Tender rigid, or distended abdomen -Vomiting chunky blood RAPID TRANSPORT |
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Shock |
Inability to supply cells with oxygen and nutrients AND Inadequate removal of waste or products from cells |
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Shock Severity (3) |
Compensated: Body shunts blood where needed Decompensated: Blood pressure falls as body can't handle loss of volumed Irreversible: Cell damage, rapid death |
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Signs of Shock (Order of appearance) |
-AMS (EARLIEST) -Pale, cool, clammy skin (capillary refill greater than 2 seconds) -Nausea and vomiting (blood is diverted away from digestive system causing nausea) -Pulse increases, gradually becoming weak and thready, Respirations increase, becoming shallower as it progresses -BP falls (One of the last vital signs to change) -Thirst, dilated pupils are late signs |
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Types of Shock (3) |
Hypovolemic: Loss of blood volume Cardiogenic: Caused by inadequate perfusion to heart, decreased contraction strength Neurogenic: Caused by nerve paralysis in which pt loses ability to control dilation of blood vessels |
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Care for shock |
-Aggressive airway maintenance -High flow Oxygen -Attempt to stop cause of shock -Splint any suspected bone or joint injuries -Prevent loss of body heat -Reassure pt throughout assessment and care |
