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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phospholipids are made up of
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glycerol (backbone)
fatty acids esterified to glycerol-OH a diesterified phosphate attached to the 3rd gycerol-OH an alcohol esterified to the phosphate |
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simplest phosphoglyceride
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phosphatidate--no alchohol but still considered a phospholipid
intermediate in the synthesis of phosphoglycerides for membranes and triacylglycerol for energy storage |
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examples of alcohols attached to the phosphate in phospholipids
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usually amines
serine, ethanolamine, choline, glycerol, inositol |
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synthesis of phospholipids via activation of phosphatidate (and 2 examples)
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synthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol
ex. phosphotidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol |
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synthesis of phospholipids via activated alcohol (+ example)
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a phosphoryl-alcohol is formed first with ATP, then it reacts with CTP to form the activated CDP-alcohol, activated alcohol reacts with diacylglycerol
ex. phosphatidylehtanolamine |
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synthesis of phosphatidylcholine
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synthesis can be via activation of choline (CDP-choline) or via methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine
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base exchange reaction
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reaction where serine replaces choline or ethanolamine on an existing phospholipid to form phosphatidylserine
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phosphatidylserine
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comprises 10% of phospholipids in mammals
located in the inner leaflet of plasma membrane bilayer moved to outer leaflet in apoptosis |
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cleavage of phospholipids
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phospholipases
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respiratory distress syndrome
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major cause of death in newborns
failure in the synthesis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine--major component of lung surfactant |
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sphingolipids contain (and what is backbone derived from)
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-have a fatty acid, sphingosine backbone, a phosphodiester, an alcohol
-sphingosine backbone derived from palmitoyl CoA and serine |
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glycolipids contain
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fatty acid
sphingosine backbone sugar units |
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ceramide
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-sphingosine backbone and fatty acid attached to amino group
-sphingolipids and gangliosides are synthesized via ceramide |
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gangliosides
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-complex glycolipids
-contain branched chain of as many as 7 sugar residues -synthesis utilizes UDP-sugars -oriented with sugar residue on extracellular side of membrane -recognition molecules--bind immune system cells to site of injury; cholera can bind to them |
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how are gangliosides degraded?
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succesive removal of sugars by hexosaminidases
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Tay-Sachs Disease
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an inability to degrade gangliosides--defect in specific hexosaminidase, normally removing terminal sugar
without degradation, neurons swell with lipid-filled lysosomes, dementia and blindness by 2, death before 3 |
