Chapter 26 - Alterations Of Erythrocyte Function

Front 1

Anemia

Back 1

is a decrease in the number or volume of RBC's, or hemoglobin content of RBC (low RBC, Hgb, or Hct)

Front 2

Clinical manifestations of anemia

Back 2

caused by decreased oxygen to the tissues - fatigue, dyspnea, syncope, angina, tachycardia, organ dysfunction, and impairment of healing

Front 3

Pernicious anemia (vitamin B 12 deficiency) and folic acid deficiency

Back 3

cause impaired maturation of RBC's resulting in large cells - they are caused by a lack of intake or problems with absorption of these vitamins

Front 4

Iron deficiency

Back 4

results in small pale cells (hypochromic-microcytic anemia) - comes from bleeding, poor iron intake, or poor absorption of iron in the gut

Front 5

Normocytic-normochrome anemias

Back 5

are those in which RBC's are normal but the count is reduced - aplastic anemia, post-hemorrhagic anemia, hemolytic anemia, anemia of chronic disease, and sickle cell anemia

Front 6

Aplastic anemia

Back 6

normocytic-normochromic - is a reduction of all three blood cells types - it can be caused by cancers of the bone marrow, toxic, or radiation damage of the bone marrow

Front 7

Hemolytic anemia

Back 7

normocytic-normochromic - is where RBC's die or are destroyed earlier than usual causing the total number to decrease

Front 8

Anemia of chronic disease is caused by

Back 8

1. Decreased RBC life span
2. Ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin
3. Altered iron metabolism

Front 9

Relative polycythemia

Back 9

is an increase in the percentage of all blood cells due to dehydration - a decrease in plasma

Front 10

Absolute polycythemia

Back 10

is an actual increase in the cell production due to
1. Primary is due to abnormalities of the bone marrow stem cells.
2. Secondary is due to an increase in erythropoietin as a physiologic response to chronic hypoxia or erythropoietin-producing tumors