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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Little Entente |
Alliance of Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, with France and Poland. |
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Reparations Commission |
Settled on the sum of $33 billion for Germany's reparation, payable in annual installments |
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Ruhr |
Germany's industrial region, would be occupied by allies if Germany would not or could not pay the reparations |
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Dawes Pact |
In 1924, reduced the reparation ammount and attempted to stabilize the German economy through loans |
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Locarno |
Treaty of Locarno- an international spirit of cooperation. Led by Stesemann (Germany) and Briand (France). Germany joins the League of Nations. |
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Kellogg-Briand Pact |
63 nations pledge to renounce war as an instrument of national policy |
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Great Depression |
International financial crisis that led to massive unemployment and severe social and economical issues in most countries of the world |
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Labour Party |
1923, Labour Party surges ahead of the Liberal Party in the elections . Ramsey Mac Donald becomes Prime Minister |
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Stanley Baldwin |
Conservative Prime Minister 1925-1929 |
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National Government |
A coalition of Liberals and Conservatives, credited with bringing Great Britain out of the worst stages of the Great Depression |
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John Maynard Keynes |
Economist, condemned free marked economy, unemployment the result of declining demand for products. Public Works could stimulate the economy |
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Poincare |
Conservative National Bloc, used reparations to rebuild the devastated north of France |
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Cartel of the Left |
Radicals and Socialists, gained power in France from 1924-1926. |
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Blum |
Popular front government of France, coalition of socialists and radicals. Formed in 1936 |
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FDR |
Presidents of the US from 1932-1945. Led the US during the Great Depression and WWII. Created the New Deal programs to combat the Great Depression |
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New Deal |
Various agencies of the Federal Government designed to bring relief, recovery and reform to the US |
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Mustafa Kemal |
Created the New Republic of Turkey after WWI |
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Gandhi |
Leads the non-violent and civil disobedience independence movement in India |
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Totalitarian State |
Form a government whose leader is a dictator, repressive state, government controls over all economic, political, and personal freedoms |
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Mussolini |
Italian socialist, laid foundation for a new political movement that came to be called Fascism |
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Fascio de Combattimento |
Name of Mussolini's political movement groups |
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Squadristi |
Bands of armed Fascists led by Ras "Blackshirts" |
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March on Rome |
Mussolini comes to power as a result of the march, beginning of fascist rule led by dictator Mussolini |
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Acerbo Law |
Proposed by Acerbo, electoral law which gives Mussolini's fascist part a majority of deputies |
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Il Duce |
Mussolini identified as "Il Duce" which transcribes to "The Leader" |
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Lateran Accord |
A small enclave of 109 acres within Rome, Vatican City that was recognized by Mussolini's regime for its sovereign independence |
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Weimar Republic |
The democratic government founded in Germany following Kaiser Wilhelm II's abdication near the end of WWI |
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Adolf Hitler
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Son of an Austrian customs official, born in 1889, rejected by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, had an ideology with a core of racism , mostly anti-seminism
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Mein Kampf
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Autobiography written by Adolf Hitler, characterized his years in Vienna from 1908-1913
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Nazi Party
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National Socialist German workers party
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SA
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The Sturmabfeilung, or Storm Troops, defended the Nazi party in meeting halls and used to break up meetings in other parties
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Beer Hall Putsch
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Hitler and the Nazis staged an armed uprising in Munich on November 8. Hitler was arrested and sent to prison
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Lebensraum
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"Living Space", the right of superior nations to have this through expansion.
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Fuhrer
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The name given to Hitler by himself showing that he is the chairman of the Nazi Party
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Braning
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Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1930-1932. His policies increased unemployment and made him very unpopular
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Hindenberg
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Named after Paul van Hindenburg, the president of Germany, May 6, 1937 German passenger airship (blimp) caught on fire and crashed in New Jersey
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Goring
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German politician, military leader and the leading member of the Nazi Party.
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Reichstag Fire
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An arson attack on the Reichstag |
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Gleichschaltung
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the coordination of all institutions under Nazi control |
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Ernst Rohn
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German military officer and founding member of the Nazi Party
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Aryan
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Hitler used this word to describe his idea of a perfect German race. Nazis believed Aryans had the purest blood.
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Robert Lag
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A Nazi politician, head of the German Labour Front
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SS
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Major parliamentary organization under Hitler and the Nazis
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Himmier
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A leading member of the Nazi Party. One of the most powerful men in Germany
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Goebbels
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German politician and the Reich Minister of Propaganda in Germany.
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Krisllnacht
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Massive attacks on ews and through German Reich on November 9, 1938 "Night on Broken Glass
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Soviet Union
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USSR was pro communism, Marxist-Leninist state, government and economy were highly centralized
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War Communism
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Policy was adopted by the Bolsheviks with the goal of keeping towns and the Red Army stocked with weapons and food. Civil unrest
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Leon Trotsky
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A Marxist revolutionary and a theorist, soviet politician, founding leader of the Red Army
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New Economic Policy
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Capital oriented economic policy proposed by Vladmir Lenin "State Capitalist"
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Politbaro
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Policymaking committee of the communist party
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Stalin
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Russian leader of the Soviet Union in 1920s, took control of the revolution
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Collective Forms
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Groups of the Soviet Union owned and operated by the community and supervised by the state
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Labor Camps
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A prison camp in which regime of hard labor is in effect
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Purges
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First purges date back to 1930-1933, were aimed at the extermination of those who opposed Stalin's views, Great Purges 1934 and 1939
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Authoritarian State
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A government that concentrates political power in authority, not responsible for the people.
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Joseph Pilsudski
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The first chief of state of the newly independent Poland (1918–1922); he rejected an offer of the presidency but remained politically influential.
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Alexander J.
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King of Yugoslavia (1921-1934), abolished constitution, imposed a royal dictatorship.
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Miklos Horthy
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Hungarian naval officer who defeated revolutionary forces in Hungary and rose to become a conservative leader as the head of state.
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Julius Gombos
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(1932-1936) served as Prime Minister of Hungary; opposed Nazi Germany’s influence.
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Thomas Masaryk
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Representative of the underground Czech liberation movement and conducted a campaign against Austria-Hungary. Chief founder and first president of Czechoslovakia (1918-1935).
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Primo de Rivera
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Served as the Prime Minister for Spain from 1923 to 1930. Believed that it was the politicians that had ruined Spain and governing without them would improve and restore Spain.
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Alfonso XIII
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King of Spain (1886-1931), supported a military coup by General Miguel Primo de Rivera.
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Popular Front
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An electoral coalition and pact signed in 1936. Against the increasing fascist aggression in Europe.
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Francisco Franco
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General and dictator of Spain, his nationalist forces would overthrow the second republic, would lead the Spanish civil war, restored monarchy.
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Spanish Civil War
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Began on July 17, 1936 ended April 1, 1939. A military revolt against the republican government. Nationalists (rebels) were aided by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union and volunteers from Europe and the US.
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Falange
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political organization founded by José Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933, during the Second Spanish Republic
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Salazar
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was a Portuguese politician and economist who served as Prime Minister of Portugal
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Roaring Twenties
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1920s , in the US, decade of exuberance and excess optimism and prosperity.
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Jazz
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new musical form from the US. Originated with African American musicians in the American South.
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BBC
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British Broadcasting Corporation, 1926, made into a public corporation for news and entertainment over the radio.
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Motion Pictures
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popular new form of entertainment.
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Joseph Goebbels
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Nazi minister of propaganda
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Triumph of the Will
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famous documentary of the 1934 Nuremberg party rally.
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World Cup
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International soccer competition
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Dopolavora
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-After work national recreation program in Fascist Italy
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Kraft durch Freude
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(strength through joy)-coordinate free time activities for the working class.
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Avant-Garde
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New artistic perspective that were advanced in the 20s and 30s. Embracing the new.
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German Expressionism
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Germany’s post-war art movement that emphasized the suffering and shattered lives caused by the War.
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Dada
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an attempt in post war Europe to emphasis the purposelessness of life. A reaction by the new artist to the War.
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Hannah Hoch
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Leading Dada artist |
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Surrealism |
art movement that sought the reality beyond the material. Dreams, nightmares, visions of a re-arranged world.
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Functionalism
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modern movement in architecture.
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Chicago School
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reinforced concert, steel and elevators create the modern Skyscrapers.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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American architect, innovative design in domestic buildings.
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Brauhaus School
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led by Gropius, blend of many disciplines into a coherent design. (Building, furniture, painting, sculpture.)
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Kurt Weill
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German composure. Threepenny Opera.
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Socialist Realism
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name given to Totalitarian art. Art which promoted the State.
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Schonberg
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radical new style of music, atonal
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James Joyce
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Ulysses, “stream of consciousness”, inner dialogue.
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Virginia Woolf
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also used inner monologues to reveal her characters.
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Hermann Hesse
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Steppenwold, dealt with the unconscious and spiritual loneliness of the new urban societies.
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Carl Jung
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psychologist, unconscious could open up to deeper spiritual needs and discoveries.
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Rutherford
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physicist, discovered new atomic particles
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Werner Heisenberg
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“uncertainty principle”
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