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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gi tract
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alimentary canal |
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name six accessory organs
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teeth,tongue,salivary glands, liver,gallbladder, and pancreas |
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what are two forms of digestion |
mechanical and chemical |
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name the four layers from the lower esophagus to anus |
2.submucosa 3.muscularis 4.serosa |
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muscularis
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used for mixing and propulsion |
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over transverse colon and small intestine |
greater omentum |
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binds small intestineto posterior wall |
mesentery |
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binds transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior wall |
mesocolon |
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blocks entry of food or rink into nasal cavity |
uvula |
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name three pairs of salivary glands |
parotid submandibular sublingual |
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softens food,begins carbohydrate digestion
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saliva |
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salivary amylase
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saliva |
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hardest substance in body |
enamel, teeth |
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how many permanent teeth are there |
32 |
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breaks down polysaccarides |
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how long does food continue in stomach befor acid inactivates amylase |
about an hour |
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deglutition |
swallowing |
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what is between stomach and doudenum |
puloric sphincter |
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first layer of stomach |
mucosa |
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what are the 3 exocrine glands in the mucosa |
1.parietal cells @ HCI and instrinsic factor 2. pepsinogen (HCI coverts into active pepsin |
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name the endocrine cells in the mucosa
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G cells secrete gastrin (hormone into blood) |
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hangs over curve of stomach (over transverse coon and small intestine)
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greater omentum
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attaches sm.intestine to post. wall of abdomen and provides route for vessels
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mesentery
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mechanical digestion's secretion + what which also works with sm muscle to push chime forward
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mixing waves |
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food mixed with juice is now called what |
chyme
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where is the pancrease located
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behind stomach (post. & inf.) |
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the endocrine portion of the pancreas
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islets of langerhans |
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pancrease produces what juice |
pancreatic juice |
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where does the pancreatic juice pass through,and where is it heading? |
it passes throught the pancreatic duct and enters the doudenum |
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what are the two digestive enzymes proteins |
trypsin and chymotrypsin |
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whats the second largest organ in the body |
the liver |
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bile production
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gallbladder |
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gallbladder
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pear shaped organ that stores bile |
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blood low in o2 but rich in nutrients from digestive organs |
hepatic portal vein |
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heptocytes |
hepatic portal vein |
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emulsification
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breaking apart clusters of fats so they are more digestible |
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excreted in bile
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bilirubem pigment from heme when rbcs broken down |
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name sven functions of the liver |
2.lipid metabolism 3.protein metabolism 4.get rid of harmful substance in blood 5.excretion of bilirubin 6.stores fat vitamins (ADEK) and mineral (Fe,Cu) 7.activates vitamin D |
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inflammation of the liver due to drugs disease and chemicals |
hepatitis |
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name the three major regions of the small intestine
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duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
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wheres the site of most digestion
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small intestine |
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all nutrient absorption occurs here
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sm. intestine |
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ends in ileocecal sphincter in (RLQ)- which connects to LG. intestine
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sm. intestine |
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name the two major features of the intestinal wall |
intestinal glands |
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intestinal glands secrete
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enzymes and hormones
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cause chime to spiral
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circular folds |
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increase absorptive surface area |
villi |
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villi absorb |
nutrients |
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the segmentation part of the sm intestine is for |
mixing |
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peristalsis waves are |
slow |
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composed of bile and its own juices |
intestinal juices |
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intestinal juices completes |
digestion
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protin of the stomach
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pepsin |
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protien and fat digestion |
pepsin, trypsin,chymotrypsin (protein digesting enzymes In pancrease) |
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carbohydrates to >
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monosaccharides
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proteins to >
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amino acids |
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fat soluble vitamins |
(A,D,E,K) absorbed with fat |
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name the four regions of the ilarge intestine |
colon rectum anal canal |
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bacterial digestion of the large intestine |
2.produces gases 3.digests carbohydrates that haven't beek broken down in sm intestine 4.digests carbohydrates that have not been broken down in sm intestine |
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colon absorbs
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sal+water,ions Na &Cl,+vitamins |
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in the large intestine chime becomes |
feces |
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name the three phases ofdigestion |
1. cephalic 2. gastric 3. intestinal |
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cephalic phase of digestion
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smell,sight,thought of food
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gastro-
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stomach |
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-entero
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intestines |
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proct- |
rectum |
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retor- |
behind |
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lingua- |
tongue |
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-frenum |
bridle |
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peri- |
around |
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odont |
tooth |
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pyl |
gate |
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-orus |
guard |
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pan- |
all |
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-crease |
flesh |
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gall |
bile |
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hepat |
liver |
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-cystic |
bladder |
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micro-
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small |
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dia
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through |
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rhea |
flow |
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con |
together |
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stip |
to press |
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bu |
ox |
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limia |
hunger |
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chole |
bile |
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stomy |
provide an opening |
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mal |
bad |
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occlusion |
to fit |
