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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_______are not used as fuel and are required in relatively small quantities.
a. micronutrients b. macronutrients c. essential nutrients d. proteins e. lipids |
Micronutrients
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The only significant digestible polysaccharide in the diet is
a. glycogen b. cellulose c. starch d. maltose e. fiber |
Starch
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Which of the following stores the greatest amount of energy for the smallest amount of space in the body?
a. glucose b. triglycerides c. glycogen d. proteins e. vitamins |
triglycerides
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The lipoproteins that remove cholesterol from the tissues are
a. chylomicrons b. lipoprotein lipases c. VLDLs d. LDLs e. HDLs |
HDLs
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Proteins serve all of the following functions except to act as
a. enzymes b. coenzymes c. hormones d. antibodies e. structural support for cells |
coenzymes
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The primary function of B-complex vitamins is to act as
a. structural components of cells. b. sources of energy c. components of pigments d. antioxidants e. coenzymes |
coenzymes
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FAD is reduced to FADH2 in
a. glycolysis b. anaerobic fermentation c. the citric acid cycle d. the e- transport chain e. beta-oxidation of lipids |
the citric acid cycle
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The primary, direct benefit of anerobic fermentation is to
a. regenerate NAD+ b. produce FADH2 c. produce lactic acid d. dispose of pyruvic acid e. produce more ATP than glycolysis does |
regenerate NAD+
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Which of these occurs in the mitochondrial matrix?
a. glycolysis b. chemiosmosis c. the cytochrome reactions d. the citric acid cycle e. anaerobic fermentation |
the citric acid cycle
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When the body emits more infared energy than it absorbs, it is losing heat by
a. convection b. forced convection c. conduction d. radiation e. evaporation |
radiation
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A/an_____protein lacks one or more essential amino acids.
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Incomplete
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In the postabsorptive state, glycogen is hydrolyzed to liberate glucose. This process is called_______.
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glycogenolysis
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Synthesis of glucose from amino acids or triglyercides is called_______.
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gluconeogenesis
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The major nitrogenous waste resulting from protein catabolism is_____.
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urea
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The organ that synthesizes the nitrogenous waste in question 14 is the_____.
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liver
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The absorptive state is regulated mainly by the hormone_______.
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insulin
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The temperature of organs in the body cavities is called_____.
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core temperature
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The feeding center, satiety center, heat-losing center, and heat-promoting center are nuclei located in part of the brain called the______.
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hypothalamus
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The brightly colored, iron-containing, electron-transfer molecules of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called______.
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cytochromes
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The flow of Hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix creates an electrical current used by the enzyme______to make______.
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ATP synthase, ATP
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T/F Orexin and leptin are two hormones that stimulate the appetite.
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False, Leptin surpresses the appetite.
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T/F Water is a nutrient, but O2 and cellulose are not.
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True
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T/F An extremely low-fat diet can cause vitamin-deficiency diseases.
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True
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T/F Most of the body's cholesterol comes from the diet.
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False, most of the cholesterol is endogenous (originated internally), not dietary (food taken in).
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T/F There is no harm in maximizing one's daily protein intake.
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False, excessive protein intake can cause renal damage.
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T/F Aerobic resperation produces more ATP than anaerobic fermentation.
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True
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T/F Reactions occurring on the mitochondrial inner membrane produce more ATP than glycolysis and the matrix reactions combined.
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True
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T/F Gluconeogenesis occurs especially in the absorptive state during and shortly after a meal.
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False, Gluconeogenesis is a post-absorptive phenomenom.
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T/F Brown fat generates more ATP than white fat and is therefore especially important for thermoregulation.
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False, Brown fat does not generate ATP
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T/F At a comfortable air temperature, the body loses more heat as infared radiation than by any other means.
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True
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