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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the urinary system?
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System primarily responsible for water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and removal of nitrogenous wastes.
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The Urinary system includes...
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1. the urinary bladder
2. three tubelike organs- the paired ureters and the urethra. |
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What is the LOCATION of the kidney(s)?
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Superior lumbar region (T12-L3).
OR Against the back abdominal wall, just above the waistline. |
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What is the SIZE of a kidney?
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12cm long x 6cm width x 3 cm thick (a large bar of soap)
OR the size of a clenched fist. |
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What is the later surface? Convex or Concave?
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Convex
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What is the Medial surface? Convex or Concave?
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Concave
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The medial surface is concave and has a vertical cleft called (1) that leads into an internal space within the kidney called the (2).
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(1). renal hilum
(2). renal sinus |
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These four (4) parts all join each kidney at the hilum and occupy the sinus.
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1. ureter
2. renal blood vessels (BV) 3. lymphatics 4. nerves |
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Atop of each kidney is this endocrine gland that is functionally unrelated to the kidney.
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adrenal (or suprarenal) gland.
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What are the three (3) layers of supportive tissue that surround each kidney?
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1. Fibrous capsule
2. perirenal fat capsule 3. renal fascia |
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What is the fibrous capsule?
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One of three layers of supportive tissue that surrounds each kidney.
It is a transparent capsule that prevents infections in the surrounding regions from spreading to the kidneys. |
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What is the perirenal fat capsule?
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ONe of the three layers of supportive tissue that surrounds each kidney. A fatty mass that attaches the kidney to the posterior body wall and cushions it against blows.
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What is the renal fascia?
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One of the three supportive tissues that surrounds each kidney. It is the outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney and the adrenal gland to surrounding structures.
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What are the three distinct regions in the kidney?
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1. cortex
2. medulla 3. pelvis |
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Finish the sentence: The renal cortex is the (1) _____ ________ region, (2) ______ in color, and has a (3)_______ appearance.
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1. most superficial region
2. light 3. granular |
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Finish the sentence:
The renal (1) ________ is (2)_____ to the cortex. This darker reddish brown exhibits cone-shaped tissue masses called (3) _______ & (4) _______. |
1. medulla
2. deep 3. medullary 4. renal pyramids |
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Why do the renal pyramids appear striped?
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They are formed almost entirely of parallel bundles of microscopic urnine-collecting tubules and capillaries.
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What are the inward extentions of cortical tissue that separate the pyramids.
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renal columns.
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Finish the Sentence.
Each pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue constitutes one of approximately eight _____ of a kidney. |
lobes
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Finish the Sentence:
The (1) _____ _____, a funnel-shapped tube, is continous with the ureter leaving the hilum. Branching extentions of the pelvis from two ot three (2) _____ ______, each of which subdivides to form serveral (3) _______ ______, cup-shaped areas that enclose the papillae. |
1. renal pelvis
2. major calyces 3. minor calyces |
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Finish the statement:
The (1) _____ ______ deliver 25% of the total cardiac output (about 1200mL) to the kidneys each minute. (1) divides into 5 (2) _______ ______. Each (2) branches furthur to form several (3) _____ ______. Each (3) branch into (4) _____ ______ that arch over the bases of the medullary pyramids. Branching off of the (4) are small (5)_____ _____ _____ to supply the cortical tissue. |
1. renal arteries
2. segmental arteries 3. interlobar arteries 4. arcuate arteries 5. cortical radiate arteries |
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Concering that pathways, what is the differnce between the veins and arteries in kidneys?
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Veins pretty much trace the pathway of the artery supply but in reverse.
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Blood leaving the renal cortex drains sequentially into the (1) ______, to the (2) _______, to the (3) ______, to the (4) _______.
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1. cortical radiate vein
2. arcutate veins 3. interlobar veins 4. ranal veins |
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What is the renal plexus?
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A variable network of automatic nerve fibers and ganglia, provides the nerve supply of the kidney and its ureter.
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What are nephrons?
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The structural and functional units of the kidneys.
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Finish the statement:
Each nephron consists of a (1) _____, which is a tuft of capillaries, and a (2) ____ _____. The cup-shaped end of the (2), the (3)______ ______ (or Bowmans's capsule) is blind and completely surrounds the (1). |
1. glomerulus
2. renal tubule 3. glomerular capsule. |
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THe glomerular capsule and the enclosed glomerulus are called?
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renal corpuscle.
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Finish this statement.
The external (1) ______ ______ of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. This layer simply contributes to the capsule structure and plays no part in forming filtrate. |
parietal layer
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Finish this statement:
The (1) ______ ______, which clings to the glomerular capillaries, consists of highly modified, branching epithelial cells called (2) _______. |
1. visceral layer
2. podocytes |
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Finish the statement:
The octopus-like podocytes terminate in (1) _____ _______, which intertwine as they cling to the basement membrane of the glomerulus. The clefts or openings between the foot processes are called (2) _____ ______. Through these slits, filtrate enters the the (3) ______ ______ inside the glomerular capsule. |
1. foot processes
2. filtration slits 3. capsular space |
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Finish this statement: The remainder of the renal tubule is about (1) ____ and has (2)____ major parts. It leaves the glomerular capsule as the elborately coiled (3) ______ _____ ______ _____, makes a hairpin loop called the (4) _____ ___ ______, and then winds and twists again as the (5) ______ _____ ______ ___ before emptying into a collecting duct.
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1. 3cm
2. 3 3. proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 4. loop of Henle 5. distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
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In this case, what do the terms proximal and distal indicate?
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They indicate the relationship of the convoluted tubules to the renal corpuscle--Filtrate from the renal corpuscle passes through the PCT first and then the DCT, which thus is "further away" from the renal corpuscle.
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What is filtrate?
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A plasma-derived fluid that is the raw material that the renal tubules process to form urine.
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Finish this sentence:
The (1) ______ ______, each of which receives filtrate from many nephrons, run through the medullary pyramids and give them their striped appearance. |
1. collecting ducts
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What happens as the collecting ducts approach the renal pelvis?
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They fuse together and deliver urine into the minor calyces via papillae of the pyramids.
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