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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does it mean that all plants are thought to be monophyletic? |
Thought that all plants have evolved from one common ancestor |
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What order are plants believed to have evolved in? |
They believe water plants were the first to evolve than land plants come from them |
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Where are most seedless plants found? |
Wet areas/climates always in humid areas Examples: ponds, swamps |
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How many species of seedless plants are there? |
40,000 seedless plants |
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Why is green algae sometimes considered a plant? |
Chlorophyll |
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What difficulties did plants have to overcome to adapt to life on land? |
Desiccation-drying out Lack of Water Had to have more structure to grow up They lost there protect from the water from the sun rays The gametes couldn't swim to each other so they had to find another way to spread their gametes |
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What were advantages to growing on land? |
More sunlight More carbon dioxide No predators on land |
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What are the 5 adaptations that plants made to accommodate to land (that algae don’t have?) |
Alternation of generation Plants going to be haploid/one of each chromosomes Sporangium where spores are formed Gametangium that produce haploid cells Apical meristem in roots and shoots |
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The gametophyte is what? Where does it come from? What does it produce? |
Haploid version of a plant/ one of each chromosomes Come from spores that did mitosis It makes gametes (sex cells) |
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The sporophyte is what? Where does it come from? What does it produce? |
Diploid version of the plant/ two of each chromosomes Comes from a sperme and an the egg fuse together Can do meiosis and makes spores |
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What do Haplontic,Diplontic, haplodiplotonic mean? |
Haplontic- livs a haploid life mostly Diplontic- lives a diploid life mostly Haplodiplotonic- when they are both diploid and haploid |
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Understand how sporangium, sporophyte and spores are related |
Sporangium- a sack that hold spores inside Sporophyte-everything that is diploid |
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What does it mean to be homosporous or heterosporous? |
Homosporous- can only make one gender Heterosporous-can make two different genders |
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What is the macrospores and microspores? |
Macrospores- female gametophyte Microspores- male gametophyte |
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What is gametangium? What is female and the male called? |
The part of the plants that makes the gametes (sperm and eggs) Antheridium-male Archegonia-female |
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What is apical meristem? |
Cells that are undifferentiated |
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What are some additional adaptations that land plants have? |
Needed to grow tall to get more sunlight Vascular tissue- xylem and phloem - getting things such as water where they need to go Cuticle- regulates water and carbon dioxide Presence other pigments to absorb UV light that is otherwise dangerous to other plants Toxic chemicals to prevent animal consumption or to help animals consumption |
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What makes a plant a bryophyte? |
Seedless & Nonvascular tissue |
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What were the first type of bryophytes? |
liverworts |
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Where are they found? |
Damp habitats Ex: deserts and tundra |
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What stage do life is the most evident? |
Gametophyte normally Haploid form |
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What are the three groups? |
Liverworts Hornworts Mosses |
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Facts about liverworts: |
Openings to let gas exchange Can absorb water on any surface They have rhizoids not roots Each plant only makes one sex (homophoryes) Can reproduce asexually (by gemma) |
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Facts about hornworts: |
Always in moist places Gametophyte is dominant stage of life Have stomata (open and close) Pipe like sporophytes that stick out to help release spores when its time One chloroplast |
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Facts about mosses: |
Moist places tundra & Tropical forest Food source for other animals (nutienace storage) Tiny animals use moss as shelter Very sensitive to air pollution Sort of have a “ leave” and “stem” not true House one gender and not both homophoryes |
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What type of plants are the most dominant group on Earth? |
tracheophytes |
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What is their dominant phase? |
Sporophytes |
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What are the three innovations this group has that bryophytes don’t? |
Vascular tissue- Roots- the mycorizae- fungi and Leaves- |
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What are the two types of vascular tissue and what are their function? |
Xylem- transfers water throughout the rootes through the whole plant(one way only) Phloem- transfers sugar mainly from the leaves and go through the plant (can go any direction/two ways) |
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How are roots different from rhizoids? |
Roots absorb water from the ground and are better anchors the rhizoids |
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What purpose do leaves serve? And what are the different types? |
Leaves increase the purpose of photosynthesis and increase surface area to absorb sunlight Microphyll- little leaf/ have a single vein running through them Megaphyll- big leaves/ veins branch Sporophyll- leaves that are modified to contain the sporangia |
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4 types of vascular seedless plants |
R |
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Facts about club mosses: |
First seedless vascular plant to appear Use to be big trees now grow as small as plants Can be homosporous or heterosporous |
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Facts about horse tails: |
Trivive in marsh places Only surviving type of there species All the branches come off at the same place and come out as a whorls Use to be used as scribing brushes |
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Facts about whisk ferns: |
Have yellow knob shaped things which is the spores Have vascular tissue but No roots or leaves |
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Facts about ferns: |
Stem can grow above ground or above ground Have compound leaves- big leafs that have very small leafs on it Underneath side of the leafs have sores on it called a sori |
