Chapter 24 - Wwi

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Historians refer to the decades before 1914 as a period of

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"international anarchy"

Front 2

In -, - describes an event in England that temporarily brought the European nations together and marked the transition between the old and the new.

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The Guns of Autumn; Barbara Tuchman

Front 3

- kings rode in the funeral of Edward VI (in the bit from The Guns of Autumn)

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9

Front 4

As rivalries intensified in the earli 1900s, the great powers plunged toward war, pressed forward by 4 factors:

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nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the system of alliances

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Germany and France had rivaled over territory in

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Morocco

Front 6

This is the glorification of armed strength.

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Militarism

Front 7

This means to organize resources for combat or for protection.

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mobilize

Front 8

Bismarck formed the - in 1879, a mutual defense pact between Germany and Austria-Hungary.

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Dual Alliance

Front 9

He later set up the -, a secret agreement among -, -, and -.

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Three Emperors' League; Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary

Front 10

- was a pact among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. - requested it originally.

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Triple Alliance; Italy

Front 11

A - crisis, sparked by - nationalism in - (a - province in the - region) resulted in the dussolution of the Three Emperors' League.

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Balkan; Bulgarian; Eastern Rumelia; Turkish; Balkan

Front 12

The - of 1887 provided neutrality in case either Russia or Germany became involved in a defensive war.

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Reinsurance Treaty

Front 13

- dissolved Bismarck of his duties.

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William II

Front 14

Germany entered the race for colonies with full force, demanding its "-."

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"place in the sun"

Front 15

- is a friendly understanding or agreement between nations.

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entente

Front 16

- and the - reached an entente over Morocco and Egypt.

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Great Britain; France

Front 17

The British Navy launched the - that featured heavy armor plating and batteries of big guns. (caption p.641)

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dreadnought

Front 18

-, -, and - signed the Triple Entente.

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Great Britain, France, and Russia

Front 19

The alliance system divided Europe into - armed camps.

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2

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The Balkan region was known as the "- of Europe."

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powder keg

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Nationalists in - wanted the provinces of - and - because their country was landlocked and the two regions would provide an outlet on the - Sea.

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Serbia; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Adriatic

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The Congress of Berlin made the two territories protectorates of -.

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Austria-Hungary

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- was the nationalist movement that pressed for the political and cultural unity of all Slavs under Russian leadership.

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Pan-Slavism

Front 24

- was the main route to India for -.

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Suez Canal; Britain

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Germany uplanned to build a railroad from - through the Balkans to - and on to -, near the Persian Gulf.

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Berlin; Constantinople, Baghdad

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The railroad would diminish -'s chances of securing its access to the Mediterranean through the -.

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Russia; Dardanelles

Front 27

- and his wife were killed in -, the capital of -. The assassin was named -, and he belonged to the secret society of Serbian nationalists opposed to Austro-Hungarian rule.

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Archduke Francis Ferdinand; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Gavrilo Princip, Black Hand

Front 28

Encouraged by the so-called -, the Austro-Hungarians presented an - to the Serbian government, which puts forth the terms offered for a settlement.

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blank check; ultimatum

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The ultimatum made 5 demands:

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(1) The Serbian government would condemn all propaganda against Austria-Hungary and suppress publications and societies that opposed Austria-Hungary. (2) Serbia would ban from its schools books and teachers who did not favor Austria-Hungary. (3) Serbia would dismiss any officials who had promoted propaganda against Austria-Hungary. (4) Austro-Hungarian judges would conduct the trial of those accused of the crime at Sarajevo. (5) Serbia had to accept all these terms within 48 hours or Austria-Hungary would declare war.

Front 30

Serbia agreed to all but - of the terms. They were - (numbers).

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2; 4 and 5

Front 31

The dispute over the ultimatum took, place at -.

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The Hague

Front 32

Germany demand that Russia stop mobilization within - hours. They didn't, and Germany declared war.

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12

Front 33

Germany declared war on - two days later.

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France

Front 34

- was guaranteed -, shortly after it had been rewarded independence.

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Belguim; neutrality

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These are warring nations.

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belligerents

Front 36

The - counted on the German army to knock France out of war before the Russians could advance from the -.

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German General Staff

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Great Britain would not fight over "-."

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"a scrap of paper"

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"-" - the kaiser's message

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"You will be home before the leaves have fallen off from the trees."

Front 39

Within - weeks of Francis Ferdinand's assassination, - had entered the war on the side of Great Britain and France.

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six; Japan

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All the nations of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente except - were at war.

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Italy

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Turkish control of Constantinople and the Dardanelles bottled up Russia's - fleet.

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Black Sea