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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lusitania
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A British steamship that set sail from New York to Liverpool and was hit by a torpedo from a German U-boat which blew it up and killed 1200 people and 128 Americans.
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The taking of the Canal Zone
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Roosevelt had the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with Panama which granted the United States control of 10 miles wide across the Isthmus of Panama. In return, the United States guaranteed the independence of Panama and agreed to pay the same fees offered Colombia.
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Open Door Policy
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A concept in foreign affairs, which usually refers to the policy around 1900 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country.
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Roosevelt Corollary
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President Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 foreign policy statement, a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which asserted that the United States would intervene in Latin American affairs if the countries themselves could not keep their affairs in order.
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Sussex Pledge
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Sent by Wilson to Germany stating that unless the Germans immediately called off attacks on cargo and passenger ships, the United States would sever relations.
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"Dollar Diplomacy"
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This policy, adopted by President William Howard Taft and Secretary of State Philander C. Knox, sought to promote U.S. financial and business interests abroad. It aimed to replace military alliances with economic ties, with the idea of increasing American influence and securing lasting peace. Under this policy, Taft worked in Latin America to replace European loans with American ones, assumed the debts of countries such as Honduras to fend off foreign bondholders, and helped Nicaragua secure a large loan in exchange for U.S. control of its national bank.
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League of Nations
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An intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920, and the precursor to the United Nations. The League's primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing war through collective security, disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.
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Pancho Villa
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One of Carranza's generals who raided border towns, injuring American civilians.
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Zimmerman Telegram
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From the British government privately gave Wilson a telegram intercepted from Arthur Zimmerman, the German foreign minister, to the German ambassador in Mexico. It proposed an alliance with Mexico in case of war with the United States, offering financial support and recovery of Mexico's "lost territory" in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.
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William Jennings Bryan
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The man who Wilson appointed as secretary of state. In 1913 and 1914, he embarked on an idealistic campaign to negotiate treaties of arbitration throughout the world.
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Hay Herran Convention
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Gave the United States a 99-year lease, with option for renewal, on a canal zone 6 miles in width. In exchange, the United States agreed to pay Colombia a onetime fee of $10 million and an annual rental of $250,000.
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Bernard Baruch
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A millionaire Wall Street broker and speculator who introduced the War Industries Board to determine priorities, allocated raw materials, and fixed prices.
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Herbert Hoover
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The hero of a campaign to feed starving Belgians, headed a new Food Administration, and he set out with customary energy to supply food to the armies overseas.
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Eugene V. Debs
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The Socialist party candidate in the presidential election of 1920, Debs-- prisoner 9653-- won nearly a million votes, but the Socialist movement never fully recovered from the repression of the war.
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Hay-Pauncefort Treaty
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Permitted the United States to construct and control an Isthmian canal, providing it would be free and open to ships of all nations.
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Bolshevik
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The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October Revolution phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and founded the Soviet Union.
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Sedition Act
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A wartime law that imposed harsh penalties on anyone using "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the U.S. government, flag, or armed forces.
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Espionage Act
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This law, passed after the United States entered World War I, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.
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Fourteen Points
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In January 1918, President Wilson presented these terms for a far-reaching, non-punitive settlement of World War I. He called, among other things, for removal of barriers to trade, open peace accords, reductions of armaments, and the establishment of a League of Nations. They were rejected by European nations.
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Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
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This 1903 treaty granted the United States control over a canal zone ten miles wide across the Isthmus of Panama. In return, the United States guaranteed the independence of Panama and agreed to pay Colombia a onetime fee of $10 million and an annual rent 0f $250,000.
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George Creel
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An outspoken progressive journalist who was head of the Committee on Public Information. Creel worked out a system of voluntary censorship with the press and distributed colorful posters and pamphlets.
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CPI - Committee on Public Information
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Created in 1917 by President Wilson and headed by progressive journalist George Creel, this organization rallied support for American involvement in World War I through art, advertising, and film.
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WIB - War Industries Board
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An example of the many boards and commissions created during World War I, this government agency oversaw the production of all American factories. It determined priorities, allocated raw materials, and fixed prices; it told manufacturers what they could and could not produce.
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Pacifists
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Covers a spectrum of views, including the belief that international disputes can and should be peacefully resolved, calls for the abolition of the institutions of the military and war, opposition to any organization of society through governmental force (anarchist or libertarian pacifism), rejection of the use of physical violence to obtain political, economic or social goals, the obliteration of force except in cases where it is absolutely necessary to advance the cause of peace, and opposition to violence under any circumstance, even defense of self and others.
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Taft-Katsura Agreement
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Recognized Japan's dominance over Korea in return for its promise not to invade the Philippines.
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Victoriano Huerta
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General who ousted Madero in 1913, threw him in jail, and arranged his murder. Wilson called him a "butcher".
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John J. Pershing
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A general officer in the United States Army. Pershing is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army—General of the Armies.
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Franz Ferdinand
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an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. This caused Germany and Austria-Hungary, and countries allied with Serbia to declare war on each other, starting World War I.
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American Union Against Militarism
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In 1915 a group of New York pacifists organized the "Anti-militarism Committee" to combat the war spirit of the time. Most notable actions were their work in the effort to avert war with Mexico in 1916 and the encouragement of opposition to peacetime conscription following World War I.
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Filibuster
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It is a form of obstruction in a legislature or other decision-making body whereby a lone member can elect to delay or entirely prevent a vote on a proposal.
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Trench Warfare
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A form of warfare in which combatants occupy fighting lines, consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are largely immune to the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
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Liberty Bonds
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A war bond that was sold in the United States to support the allied cause in World War I.
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Treaty of Versailles
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Signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand it ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
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