Chapter 24 Test Review - Berends

Front 1

Peninsulares

Back 1

member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in Americas

Front 2

Creoles

Back 2

descendants of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status

Front 3

Mulattos

Back 3

persons of mixed European and African ancestry

Front 4

Simon Bolivar

Back 4

Venezuelan statesman known as ‘the Liberator” who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule frees Venezuela,, Ecuador, Peru & Bolivia

Front 5

Dom Pedro

Back 5

became the emperor of an independent Brazil

Front 6

Juan Morelos

Back 6

Creole priest who continued Hidalgo’s movement, Improve Mexican conditions, abolish slavery, and give universal male suffrage Captured and shot.

Front 7

Toussaint L'Overture

Back 7

a self-educated former slave was a brilliant general and inspiring commander during Haiti's rebellion

Front 8

Father Hidalgo

Back 8

creole priest in Mexico that raised his voice for freedom

Front 9

El Grito de Dolores

Back 9

Father Hidalgo's speech meaning "The Cry of Dolores," it called for Mexicans to fight for "Independence and Liberty"

Front 10

Jose San Martin

Back 10

southern South America -1816-wins independence of Argentina -1822-gives up army to Bolivar

Front 11

Nationalism

Back 11

the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-to the people with whom they share a culture and history-rather than to a king or empire

Front 12

Nation-states

Back 12

an independent geopolitical unit of people having a common culture and identity.

Front 13

Louis-Napoleon

Back 13

nephew of Napoleon, wins presidential election, strong ruler four years after election takes the title of Emperor Napoleon III. His strong rule was welcomed-he built railroads and encouraged industrialization.

Front 14

Alexander II

Back 14

son of Czar Nicholas I, moves Russian towards modernization and social change. Freed all the serfs in 1861

Front 15

Russification

Back 15

the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian Empire.

Front 16

Camillo Cavour

Back 16

Lead figure in the unification of Italy. Prime minister of Sardinia (northern Italy) who vowed to drive out the Austrians and worked towards a united Italy.

Front 17

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Back 17

Italian nationalist whose "Red Shirts" freed Sicily and southern Italy and then united it with northern Italy.

Front 18

Otto Von Bismarck

Back 18

Prime Minister of Prussia, founder & first chancellor of a united Germany. Bismarck was the most influential in helping Germany to unify. Chancellor of Prussia who was responsible for the unification of German states

Front 19

Blood & Iron Speech

Back 19

Blood and Iron speech made up Bismarck to encourage the unification of the German states by using war.

Front 20

Junkers

Back 20

very conservative members of Prussian wealthy landowning class. Otto von Bismark was a Junker.

Front 21

Realpolitik

Back 21

realistic politics based on the needs of the state. Both Bismarck in Germany & Cavour in Italy were masters of this policy.

Front 22

Franco-Prussian War

Back 22

War between France & Prussia, started over Bismarck created the impression that the French ambassador had insulted the Prussian king. France declared war, but Prussia won - This was was the final stage in the German Unification process.

Front 23

Kaiser

Back 23

German emperor-similar to Roman Caesar

Front 24

Radical

Back 24

Group on the political spectrum that want changes and will use violence to get them

Front 25

Liberal

Back 25

Group on the political spectrum that want changes, but use legal means to get them

Front 26

Moderate

Back 26

Group on the political spectrum that are middle of the road; favor compromise

Front 27

Conservative

Back 27

Group on the political spectrum that like the "Status quo" or keeping things the way they already are.

Front 28

Reactionary

Back 28

Group on the political spectrum that want to go back to the "good ole days" and will use violence to do so.

Front 29

goals of Conservatives in the first half of the 1800s after the Congress of Vienna

Back 29

Wanted to continue to support the kings who had ruled Europe for centuries. These were nobles and other people who owned large amounts of property.

Front 30

goals of Liberals in the first half of the 1800s after the Congress of Vienna

Back 30

Wanted to give more power to elected legislatures. They were typically middle-class merchants and business people.

Front 31

goals of the Radicals in the first half of the 1800s after the Congress of Vienna

Back 31

Wanted to end rule by kings and full voting rights for all.

Front 32

Romanticism

Back 32

an early 19th-century movement in art and thought, which focused on emotion and nature rather than reason and society.

Front 33

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Back 33

German romantic writer who wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther - celebrated the German spirit.

Front 34

William Wordsworth

Back 34

British romantic poet – honored nature as the source of truth and beauty.

Front 35

Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)

Back 35

was a Gothic horror story writer- novles filled with fearful, violent, sometimes supernatural events. The novel told the story of a monster created from the body parts of dead human beings.

Front 36

Ludwig van Beethoven

Back 36

German composer was the most famous of the Romantic composers.

Front 37

Realism

Back 37

Middle 1800, the grim realities of industrial life made the dreams of romantics seem silly; therefore this movement emerged. Artists & writers tried to show life as it really was. They used their art as to protest unfair social conditions.

Front 38

Charles Dickens

Back 38

English realist writer who wrote novels that showed how people suffered in the new industrialized economy.

Front 39

The Camera

Back 39

new device was developed in this period – Photographers used them to capture realistic images on film.

Front 40

Impressionism

Back 40

New art style, used light and light-filled colors to produce an impression of a subject or moment in time. Artists glorified the delights of the life of the rising middle class in their paintings.

Front 41

Impressionism Composers

Back 41

created music that set the mood by using different music structures, instruments, or patterns.

Front 42

Claude Monet

Back 42

Impressionist artist who often painted water because of its reflective nature.

Front 43

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Back 43

one of the leading impressionist artists