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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lyme disease
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-spirochete -tick borne, transmitted by ticks of genus Ixodes -pathogen doesn't survive well outside the host -symptoms-flulike symptoms then progress to infect the nervous system -bullseye looking rash -disease was named lyme after a town in Connecticut where it was first identified |
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Rickettsial Diseases-Typhus fever |
-not typhoid fever, typhoid fever is caused by salmonella -typhus fever is rickettsial |
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Rickettsial Diseases-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
-transmitted by ticks -after 3 to 4 days incubation, onset of fever, headache, and weakness is abrupt followed in 2 to 4 days by a rash -resembles syphilis rash, except not in palms or soles of feet |
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Viral systemic diseases |
-arboviruses -espetein barr virus |
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Arboviruses |
yellow fever-transmitted by a mosquito vector |
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Epstein barr virus |
-correlation that it can lead to Burkitt's lymphoma -targets B-cells (cells that produce antibodies--leads to "starry" appearance |
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protozoan systemic infections |
--mosquito vectors -protozoans are eukaryotic so hard to kill -doxycycline is administered as a prevention method, even though it is an antibiotic -carriers for Sickle Cell Anemia are less susceptible to Malaria -causes variety of symptoms lethal if left untreated |
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CNS-Central Nervous System |
includes brain and spinal |
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PNS- Peripheral Nervous System |
inclues everything else
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Blood brain barrier |
separation of blood from brain extracellular fluid |
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Prions |
0it is entirely protein, consists no genetic information -self-replicating -changes to normal brain protein lead to holes in brains (spongiform encephalopathy) -vacuole formation due to absence of cells --examples: Kuru, scrapie, CJD, Mad Cow Disease, Chronic Wasting Disease |
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Kuru |
outbreak in Papa New Guinea due to cannibalism |
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Meningitis |
inflammation of the dura mater, pia mater and or arachnoid layers of the meninges surrounding the CNS |
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Forms of meningitis
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fungal viral |
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bacterial |
menigiococcal, Neisseria meningitis, haemophilus spp, especially in children, strep pneumo, protection via vaccination. Bacterial is very dangerous and deadly if not treated right away |
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fungal
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opportunistic, usually not a problem, but when it does occur, can be very deadly. Contaminated steroid injections for back pain were the cause of about 100 cases of fungal meningitis and about 30 deaths back in 2012 |
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viral |
usually not serious; will typically just run its course, but in young, elderly and immunocompromised, can lead to complications such as polio myelitis and even death. Vaccines for viral forms of meningitis caused by enteroviruses, especially ones that cause polio greatly reduce the changed of getting viral meningitis |
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brain abscesses |
can occur when normal flora cross the blood brain barrier. Bacterial mass and inflammation cause swelling and compression of the brain. Brain tissue dies and then abscesses form that fill with pus (proteins, dead cells, cell debris and WBC, primarily neutrophils) |
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listeria |
food borne systemic disease caused by contamination of meats, diary products and even sometimes vegetables with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes |
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Rabies |
Phabdoviridea family of viruses, the virus resembles a bullet |
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rabies host? |
animals |
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prevention of rabies |
vaccine is available, first vaccine was created by Louis Pasteur |
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treatment of rabies
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its available if the treatment is early, once it reaches the symptomatic stage then its fatal
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transmission of rabies |
by bites of infect animals. The virus is transmitted through saliva and travel through nervous system and causes damage to the bran. Contact with saliva to the open wound can transmit the virus as well |
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hydrophobia |
symptom of rabies due to the patient not being able to swallow so it looks like as if the patient is scared of water |
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characteristics of the rabies virus |
negative sense RNA virus that has a bullet shape appearance |
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encephalitis |
inflammation of the brain caused by variety of Togaviruses or flavivirus |
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Hansen's Disease |
-contemporary vs. ancient forms -incidence-used to be common, now very rare -culturing of the lepromatous form-doesn't grow well in artificial media, so armadillos are used for a study -distribution-2 millon people are currently disables from Leprosy |
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2 forms of Hansen's Disease |
1. tuberculoid-limited number of acute inflammation around the skin 2. lepramaceous-chronic inflamatois, contagious |
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tetanus |
-toxins cause continuous contractions |
