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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homeostasis
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Equilibrium or maintenance of the internal environment.
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Matter
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Anything that occupies space & possesses mass.
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Element
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Basic substance of matter
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Basic substance of matter
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Element
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Anything that occupies space & possesses mass.
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Matter
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Equilibrium or Maintenance of the internal environment
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Homeostatis
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What four elements make up 95% of the total body weight of the elements?
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Oxygen, Carbon, hydrogen & nitrogen
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Atom
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The smallest unit of chemical structure and no chemical can alter it.
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The smallest unit of chemical structure and no chemical can alter it.
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Atom
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element that have different atomic weights.
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Atoms of the same element that have different atomic weights.
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Isotopes
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Molecule
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atoms of the same element that unite with each other
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atoms of the same element that unite with each other
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Molecule
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Compound
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combination of atoms of two or more elements
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combination of atoms of two or more elements
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Compound
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Mixture
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substances combined in no specific way
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substances combined in no specific way
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Mixture
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Synthesis
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Chemical reaction when two or more atoms, called reactants, bond and form a more complex molecular product
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Chemical reaction when two or more atoms, called reactants, bond and form a more complex molecular product
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Synthesis
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Decomposition
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Chemical reaction wherein the bonding between atoms in a molecule is broken and simpler products are formed.
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Chemical reaction wherein the bonding between atoms in a molecule is broken and simpler products are formed.
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Decomposition
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Ions
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Atom bearing an electrical charge
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Atom bearing an electrical charge
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Ions
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Cation
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An ion with a positive charge
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An ion with a positive charge
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Cation
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Anion
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Ion bearing a negative charge
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Ion bearing a negative charge
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Anion
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Electrolyte
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Compound that, when dissolved in water or another solvent, dissociates (separates) into ions (electrically charged particles.
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Compound that, when dissolved in water or another solvent, dissociates (separates) into ions (electrically charged particles.
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Electrolyte
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Water constitutes what percent of body weight in the adult?
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60% in adults
Embryo - 97% Infant - 70 - 80% Child - 60 - 77% Older Adult - 45 - 55% |
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Acid
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Any substance that in solution yields hydrogen ions bearing a positive charge.
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Any substance that in solution yields hydrogen ions bearing a positive charge.
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Acid
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Base
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Any substance that when dissociated produces ions that will combine with hydrogen ions.
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Any substance that when dissociated produces ions that will combine with hydrogen ions.
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Base
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Salt
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Product formed when an acid and a base react with each other.
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Product formed when an acid and a base react with each other.
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Salt
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pH
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potential hydrogen - indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
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indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
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pH or potential hydrogen
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Normal pH of arterial blood
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7.35 - 7.45
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Acidosis
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Occurs when blood pH falls below 7.35. Condition characterized by an excessive number of hydrogen ions in a solution
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Occurs when blood pH falls below 7.35. Condition characterized by an excessive number of hydrogen ions in a solution
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Acidosis
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Alkalosis
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Condition characterized by an excessive loss of hydrogen ions from a solution. Occurs when blood pH increase above 7.45.
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Condition characterized by an excessive loss of hydrogen ions from a solution. Occurs when blood pH increase above 7.45.
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Alkalosis
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Buffer
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Substance that attempts maintain pH range, or hydrogen ion concentration, in the presence of added acids or bases.
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Substance that attempts maintain pH range, or hydrogen ion concentration, in the presence of added acids or bases.
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Buffer
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Three important buffer systems that occur in body fluids.
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Bicarbonate Buffer System
Phosphate Buffer System Protein Buffer System |
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Bicarbonate Buffer System
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The body's primary buffer system. Found in both extracellular and intracellular fluids. Normally buffers organic acids found in body fluids.
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The body's primary buffer system. Found in both extracellular and intracellular fluids. Normally buffers organic acids found in body fluids.
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Bicarbonate Buffer System
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Phosphate Buffer System
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Regulates the pH of intracellular fluid and the fluid of the kidney tubules.
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Regulates the pH of intracellular fluid and the fluid of the kidney tubules.
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Phosphate Buffer System
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Protein Buffers
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Found inside cells and plasma. Acts to maintain pH inside the cell.
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Found inside cells and plasma. Acts to maintain pH inside the cell.
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Protein Buffers
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permeability
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Ability of a membrane to permit substances to pass through it.
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Ability of a membrane to permit substances to pass through it.
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permeability
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selectively permeable membrane
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Membrane that allows passage of only certain substances
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Membrane that allows passage of only certain substances
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selectively permeable membrane
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semipermeable membrane
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An artificial membrane that allows passage of only certain substances
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An artificial membrane that allows passage of only certain substances
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semipermeable membrane
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3 Types of Passive Transport
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Diffusion
Osmosis Filtration |
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Passive Transport
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The passing of substances through the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy by the cell.
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The passing of substances through the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy by the cell.
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Passive Transport
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Active Transport
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The passing of substances through the cell membrane with an expenditure of energy by the cell.
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The passing of substances through the cell membrane with an expenditure of energy by the cell.
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Active Transport
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Diffusion
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Process whereby a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Process whereby a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Diffusion
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Osmosis
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Movement of a solvent, usually water, through a semipermeable membrane, from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Movement of a solvent, usually water, through a semipermeable membrane, from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Osmosis
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Osmotic Pressure
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Pressure exerted against the cell membrane by the water inside a cell.
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Pressure exerted against the cell membrane by the water inside a cell.
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Osmotic Pressure
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Isotonic solution
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A solution that has the same molecular concentration as the cell. It neither decreases or increases the size of the cell.
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A solution that has the same molecular concentration as the cell. It neither decreases or increases the size of the cell.
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Isotonic solution
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Hypotonic solution
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A solution that has a lower molecular concentration than the cell. Placing a cell in this type solution will cause the cell to swell.
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A solution that has a lower molecular concentration than the cell. Placing a cell in this type solution will cause the cell to swell.
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Hypotonic solution
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Hemolysis
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The rupture of red blood cells due to osmosis.
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The rupture of red blood cells due to osmosis.
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Hemolysis
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Hypertonic solution
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A solution that has a higher molecular concentration than the cell. When a cell is placed in this type solution the cell decreases in size because water is leaving the cell.
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A solution that has a higher molecular concentration than the cell. When a cell is placed in this type solution the cell decreases in size because water is leaving the cell.
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Hypertonic solution
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Crenation
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Condition wherein cells decrease in size, shrivel and wrinkle, and are no longer functional when in a hypertonic solution.
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Condition wherein cells decrease in size, shrivel and wrinkle, and are no longer functional when in a hypertonic solution.
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Crenation
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Filtration
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Process of fluids and the substances dissolved in them being forced through the cell membrane by hydrostatic pressure.
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Process of fluids and the substances dissolved in them being forced through the cell membrane by hydrostatic pressure.
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Filtration
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Hydrostatic pressure
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Pressure that a fluid exerts against a membrane; also called filtration force.
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Pressure that a fluid exerts against a membrane; also called filtration force.
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Hydrostatic pressure
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Intracellular Fluid
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Fluid within the cells.
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Fluid within the cells.
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Intracellular Fluid
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Extracellular Fluid
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Fluid outside of the cells; includes interstitial, intravascular, synovial, cerebrospinal, and serous fluids; aqueous and vitreous humor; and endolymph and perilymph.
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Fluid outside of the cells; includes interstitial, intravascular, synovial, cerebrospinal, and serous fluids; aqueous and vitreous humor; and endolymph and perilymph.
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Extracellular Fluid
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Interstitial Fluid
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Fluid in tissue spaces around each cell.
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Fluid in tissue spaces around each cell.
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Interstitial Fluid
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Intravascular Fluid
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Fluid consisting of the plasma in the blood vessels and the lymph in the lymphatic system.
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Fluid consisting of the plasma in the blood vessels and the lymph in the lymphatic system.
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Intravascular Fluid
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Edema
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Detectable accumulation of increased interstitial fluid.
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Detectable accumulation of increased interstitial fluid.
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Edema
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Dehydration
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A condition that occurs when more water is lost from the body than replaced.
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A condition that occurs when more water is lost from the body than replaced.
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Dehydration
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