Chapter 23 Management Of Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders

Front 1

acute lung injury

Back 1

an umbrella term for hypoxemic, respiratory failure; acute respiratory distress syndrome is a severe form of acute lung injury

Front 2

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Back 2

nonspecific pulmonary response to a variety of pulmonary and non pulmonary insults to the lung; characterized by interstitial infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, atelectasis, decreased compliance, and refractory hyoxemia

Front 3

asbestosis

Back 3

diffuse lung fibrosis resulting from exposure to asbestos fibers

Front 4

atelectasis

Back 4

collapse or airless condition of the alveoli caused by hypoventilation, obstruction to the airways, or compression

Front 5

central cyanosis

Back 5

bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to hemoglobin carrying reduced amounts of oxygen

Front 6

consolidation

Back 6

lung tissue that has become more solid in nature due to collapse of alveoli or infectious process (pneumonia)

Front 7

cor pulmonale

Back 7

"heart of the lungs"; enlargement of the right ventricle from hypertrophy or dilation or as a secondary response to disorders that affect the lungs

Front 8

emphyema

Back 8

accumulation of purulent material in the pleural space

Front 9

fine-needle aspiration

Back 9

insertion of a needle through the chest wall to obtain cells of a mass or tumor; usually performed under fluoroscopy or chest computed tomography guidance

Front 10

hemoptysis

Back 10

the coughing up of blood from the lower respiratory tract

Front 11

hemothorax

Back 11

partial or complete collapse of the lung due to blood accumulating in the pleural space; may occur after surgery or trauma

Front 12

induration

Back 12

an abnormally hard lesion or reaction, as in a positive tuberculin skin test

Front 13

nosocomial

Back 13

pertaining to or originating from a hospitalization; not present at the time of hospital admission

Front 14

open lung biopsy

Back 14

biopsy of lung tissue performed through a limited thoracotomy incision

Front 15

orthopnea

Back 15

shortness of breath when reclining or in the supine position

Front 16

pleural effusion

Back 16

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Front 17

pleural friction rub

Back 17

localized grating or creaking sound casued by the rubbing together of inflamed parietal and visceral pleurae

Front 18

pleural space

Back 18

the area between the parietal and visceral pleurae; a potential space

Front 19

pneumothorax

Back 19

parital or complete collapse of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space

Front 20

pulmonary edema

Back 20

increase in the amount of extravascular fluid in the lung

Front 21

pulmonary embolism

Back 21

obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature with an embolus; embolus may be due to blood clot, air bubbles, or fat droplets

Front 22

purulent

Back 22

consisting of, containing , or discharging pus

Front 23

restrictive lung disease

Back 23

disease of the lung that causes a decrease in lung volumes

Front 24

tension pneumothorax

Back 24

pneumothorax characterized by increasing positive pressure in the pleural space with each breath; this is an emergency situation and the positive pressure needs to be decompressed or released immediately

Front 25

thoracentesis

Back 25

insertion of a needle into the pleural space to remove fluid that has accumulated and decrease pressure on the lung tissue; may also be used diagnostically to identify potential causes of a pleural effusion

Front 26

transbronchial

Back 26

through the bronchial wall, as in a transbronchial lung biopsy

Front 27

ventilation perfusion ratio

Back 27

the ratio between ventilation and perfusion in the lung; matching of ventilation to perfusion optimizes gas exchange