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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In ____ 1928 stock prices began to steady ascent that continued for a year and a half. |
February |
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By May 1928 and September 1929 the average price of stocks rose over |
40% |
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Trading rose from two or 3 million shares a day to over ___ and at times to as many as ____ or ___ |
5 million: 10 or 12 million |
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When does the market begin to fall apart? When was black Tuesday? |
Autumn of 1929; October 29 |
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How many points did the industrial index drop? |
43 points (or nearly 10%) |
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What were the factors causing the great depression to last so long? |
Lack of diversification in the American economy, maldistribution of purchasing power – weakness in consumer demand, credit structure of the economy, and Americas position in international trade |
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Explain the lack of diversification in the American economy |
Prosperity depended on few basic industries: construction and automobiles. Expenditures on construction fell from $11 billion to $9 billion in 1929. Automobile sales fell by more than 1/3 |
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Explain the maldistribution of purchasing power--> weakness in consumer demand |
Astrio agricultural production increased, proportion of profits too small to create adequate market. More than half the families lived at or below minimum substance level |
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Explain the credit structure of the economy |
Farmers deeply in debt, crop prices too low, small banks in constant trouble-->Customers defaulted on loans. Nations biggest banks were investing in the stock market or unwise loans. Banks failed. |
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Explain Americas position in international trade. |
European demand for American goods declined--> European industry and ag were blooming and European nations were having financial difficulties. European economy was being destabilize by international debt structure |
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Explain the debt structure |
All European nations that had been allied with US owed money to American banks, but they could not pay because of their economies so they insisted on reparation payments from Germany and Austria. American banks made loans to European governments who use them to pay off earlier loans. American tariffs made it difficult for Europeans to sell goods in American markets. |
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What was the most serious initial problem? |
Collapse of the banking system. |
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Between 1930 and 1933 over ______ American banks went bankrupt or closed. |
9,000 |
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What caused a decline in purchasing power and thus deflation? |
Nation's money supply shrank by a third or more between 1930 1933 |
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How did some economics argue that a severe depression could've been avoided? |
Federal Reserve system acted responsibly |
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American gross national product plummeted from ______ in 1929, to ______ in _____. A __% decline in three years |
$104 billion; $76.4 billion, 1932; 25 |
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What Percent of the American workforce was unemployed? |
25% |
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Give the unemployment rate for each city. Cleveland, Ohio; Akron; Toledo. |
50%; 60%; 80% |
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Farm income declined by _____ between 1929 to 1932 |
60% |
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___ of all American farmers lost their land. |
One third |
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Where was the dust bowl located? |
North from Texas into the Dakotas |
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Define The term Okies |
Families from the dustbowl that came from Oklahoma traveling to California |
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When the depression began, ____ black American still lived in the south. |
Over half of all |
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How did unemployed whites increase unemployment rate for blacks? |
Some blacks migrated to southern cities, but there, unemployed whites believed they had first claim to work and some took positions as janitors, street cleaners, and domestic servants. |
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By ___ over half of blacks were unemployed |
1932 |
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Many black Southerners, maybe 400,000, left for the north but found that things were not much better. Black unemployment was nearly__ |
50% |
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How many African Americans were in some form of relief by 1932? |
2 million |
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When was the Scottsboro case? |
March 1931 |
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Who was charged and with what? |
Nine black teenagers in northern Alabama arrested for vagrancy and disorder. |
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What were they later accused of and from whom? |
Rape--> from two white women's also riding the train. |
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How much medical evidence supported that the women were raped? |
Overwhelming evidence that they had not been raped. |
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Why did the women make accusations? |
They were afraid of being arrested themselves. |
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Were the boys convicted? If so, what were their sentences? |
Yes; death to 8 of them |
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When the supreme m court overturn the convictions? |
1932 |
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Who came to the aid of the youths? Who were they associated with? |
The International Labor Defense. Associated w communist party |
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When did the last of the accused leave imprisonment? |
1950. |
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Define the term Chicanos |
Mexican-Americans |
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What was the reaction of the white population to Mexicans taking jobs? |
They were angry that Hispanics took jobs that whites considered beneath them. |
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How did the whites retaliate? |
Some officials removed Mexican s from relief rolls or transferred them across the border. |
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How many chicanos left the US for Mexico in the first years of the depression? |
Half a million |
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Where did Hispanics migrate to? |
Los Angeles |
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Where were the largest Japanese American and Chinese American population is found? |
California |
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When was it illegal for more than one member of the family to hold a federal civil service job? |
1932 to 1937 |
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The end of the depression ___ more women were working than had been doing so at the beginning |
25% |
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Professional opportunities for women decline or increase? |
Decline. Unemployed men movie and professions that previously had been considered women's fields. Women industrial workers are more likely to be laid off than males |
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Percentage of black women were employed at the end of the 1930s compared to the percent of white women |
38% compared to 24%--> black women were more compelled to work |
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What kind of home businesses did some families take in to make ends meet? |
Laundry or borders. Many took in relatives |
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Marriage rate ____ and the birthrate ____ |
Declined; declined |
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What did the great depression produce? (Values etc) |
Confirmations of more traditional values and reinforced many traditional goals |
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What did the great depression produce? (Values etc) |
Confirmations of more traditional values and reinforced many traditional goals |
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American social values changed ______ in response to the depression |
Very little |
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What did the great depression produce? (Values etc) |
Confirmations of more traditional values and reinforced many traditional goals |
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American social values changed ______ in response to the depression |
Very little |
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How did many people respond to hard times (socially) |
Redoubled commitment t familiar ideas and goals |
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What did the great depression produce? (Values etc) |
Confirmations of more traditional values and reinforced many traditional goals |
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American social values changed ______ in response to the depression |
Very little |
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How did many people respond to hard times (socially) |
Redoubled commitment t familiar ideas and goals |
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Why did the economic crisis undermine? |
Traditional "success ethic" |
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What did Dale Carnegie write? |
Best selling book "How to Win Friends and Influence People" (1936) |
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What were the two most popular instruments of culture I the 1930s? |
Radio and movies |
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Give examples of radio shows |
"Amos 'n' Andy," "Superman," "Dick Tracy," and "The Lone Ranger" |
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When and where did the Hindenburg crash? |
1937, Lakehurst, NJ |
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Who was Orson Wells and when was the event that he caused? |
Actor-director--> he broadcasted a play on Halloween 1938, that was in the form of a newscast. It said that aliens landed in central New Jersey heading towards NY w horrible weapons. People thought it was true and panicked |
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In the first years of depression movie attendance ____, but it _____ |
Declined; resumed |
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Will Hays and the studio system |
Censored movies to make sure there were no controversial messages. Studio system ensured movies contained no controversy |
