Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Introduction to fungi |
Fungi- latin word for mushroom about 100,000 different types of known fungi In past Fungi were known most like plants because of structure and cant move for the most part Fungi is more like an animal because they are heterotrophic and there DNA is closer to an animal then a plant All fungi reproduce asexually but some can reproduce sexually |
|
|
Characteristics of Fungi |
Mycology- field found that genetically fungi are more similar to animals Fungi DNA is wrapped around there histones All have DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasma membrane, mitochondria, ER, golgi bodies Have a cell wall like plants except it's made from chitin that's the same in cytoskeletons in animals Fungi can have flagella but on in the gametes
|
|
|
Characteristics of Fungi-growth/structure |
(Vegetative body)- is growing but not reproducing called the Thallus in a fungi Most fungi are multicellular when they are unicellular fungi we call it yeast Thallus is made of hyphae (long thread like structure) When you have a large amount of hyphae together it's called a mycelium Coenocytic hyphae-have no cell walls between the cells Coenocytic hyphae fungi like moist, acidic environments, Obligatory aerobes- always need oxygen Obligatory anaerobes- never need oxygen Facultative anaerobes- can survive with or without oxygen |
|
|
Characteristics of Fungi-Nutrition |
Unlike animals, fungi digest it outside themselves then they consume it How they digest food- release exoenzymes from the hyphae that breaks down the nutrients into smaller molecules that are then absorbed by the large mycelium. Like animals they store excess nutrients as glycogen Fungi are mostly saprobes/break down mostly plants Some can break down oil, take up heavy metal Some fungi are parasitic that can infect plants and animals Some can be mutualistic/ where both benefit |
|
|
Tree Parasites |
Shelf Fungi and the tree have a parasitic relationship could kill the tree |
|
|
Mutualist relationships |
A lichen are (cyanobacteria & fungi) or (algae & fungi) This relationship allows lichen to survive in environments that are inhospitable |
|
|
Animals & Human Pathogens |
mycosis - is a fungi diseases from infection and direct damage Mycotoxicosis- the poisoning of human food by fungus Most fungal infections are superficial on the skin but thet can have devastating effects |
|
|
Characteristics of Fungi-Reproduce |
All fungi fall under Perfect or imperfect Perfect- can reproduce both asexually and sexually Imperfect - can only reproduce asexyually All fungi make spores to spread themselves Sexually reproduction- gives variation because of bad conditions Have to be 2 different types of mates (positive and negative) Homophthallic - when a fungus self fertiles through sexually Heterothallic - fertiles by a different but the same fungi \
|
|
|
3 ways Fungi can reproduce asexually by mitosis |
Fragmentation (break off reproduce itself) Budding (pinches off) Spores (releases) |
|
|
3 stages of sexually reproduction |
Plasmogamy- 2 haploid cells fuse but the 2 nuclei inhabit on cell (dikaryotic stage) Karyogamy- the nuclei fuse to create a diploid zygote nucleus Meiosis- meiosis occurs and creates haploid spores that will be released into the environment |
|
|
Fungi phylum Reproduce sexually |
Chytrids Oldest/Simplest type of Fungi Evolutionary think they came first of all fungi Usually unicellular Make their spores with flagella that swim If multicellular they are coenocytic hyphae |
|
|
Fungi phylum Reproduce sexually |
Conjugates Fungi Includes bread mold Can be sabrodes or parasitic Coenocytic hyphae= no cell walls Sexually reproduction A positive and a negative hyphae get close together They create/form extensions that fuse together and they form a zygosporangium (plasmogamy) The nuclei fuse together (-,+) Does Meiosis- to create a haploid sporangium at the end of a stock |
|
|
Fungi phylum Reproduce sexually |
Sac Fungi Largest group of Fungi Yeast you use to bake Sexually reproduction Antheridium-male Ascogonium-female First - (female and male) fuse together and do mitosis (make identically cells) to make a ascocarp The 2 nuclei and the cell at the end fuse together ascus Ascus dose Meiosis- makes haploid spores
|
|
|
Fungi phylum Reproduce sexually |
Club Fungi (not coenocytic) Most common shape “club shaped” like a mushroom Includes “shelf fungi” that grows on trees Most edible fungi are in this group but they can be toxic Only group that Lives the majority of its life as diploid Normally makes a circle “a fairy ring” so they can all get the nutrients from around them Life cycle of Club Fungi Plasmogomean- Two mating types (+ & -) one of each cell fuses together to become one diploid cell Mitosis happens to make two identical cells with two nuclei that form the body of the mushroom The two nuclei in the basidia on the underside of the cap fuse together “karyogamy” to make a new diploid cell The diploid cell does meiosis to make haploid spores |
|
|
Fungi phylum Reproduce sexually |
Glomeromycota Only group that only reproduces asexually (only imperfect fungi) Most of this group is located around the roots of plants Mutualistic relationship with trees/plants (both benefit) and forms mycorrhizae The plant gives the fungi food and energy and the fungi gives the plant water and materials Fungi can’t survive without the root and this group is also coenocytic |
|
|
Decomposers & recyclers |
Fungi break down big compounds with really important elements (sulfur & Phosphorus) are available for plants |
