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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solid waste
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any unwanted or discarded material we produce that is not a liquid or a gass
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Municipal sold waste
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produced directly from homes
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Industrial Solid waste
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produced indirectly by industries that supply people with goods and services
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Hazardous (toxic) waste
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threatens human health or the environment because it is toxic, chemically active corrosive or flammable
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Wasting Resources
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US produces a third of the worlds solid waste and buries more than half in landfills
98.5% is industrial waste 1.5 Munisicpal waste and 30% is recyceld 55% landfills and 15% burned |
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E-WASTE
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consits of toxic and hazardous waste like pvc lead mercury and cadminm
US roduce half of worlds e waste but only recycles 10% of it |
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Management of Waste
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WE can manage the solid wastes we produce and reduce or prevent
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Solutions for reducing solid waste
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REfuse
Reduce REuse Repurpose Recyle |
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Reusing could be hazardous in developing countries for porr who scavenge in open dumbs
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FACT
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what is teh importance of refilling and reusing containers
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uses fewere resources and less energy and produces less waste, saves money and creats jobs
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in findland __% of soft drink are and in germany there is __%
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95/75
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Primary recycling
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materials are turned into new products of the same type
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Secondary Recycling
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materials are converted into different products
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pay as you throw (fee per bag)
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fee for every bag of waste you throw away
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composting biodegradable organic waste mimics nature by recycling plant nutrients to the soil
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FACT
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why is recycling plastics chemically and economiccallly difficult
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many plasitic are hard to isolate
Recovering individula resis does not yield much material New technology making plastic biodegradeble |
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REcycling Advantages
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Reduses air pollution
Saves energy reduces mineral demand REduces green house gases reduces solid waste prodution helps protect biodiversity can save movey important part of economy |
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Recycling Disadvatages
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Does not save landfill space
May lose money for items such as glass and plastic Reduces profits from landfills and incinerators source separation is inconvenient for some ppl |
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Waste to energy incinerators
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msw is burned in incinerators which boil water to make staem for heating water, space or for production of electricity
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Inceneration ADV
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reduce trash volume
less landfills low water polution concentrates hazardous substances sale of energy reduce cost modern controls reduce air pollution some facilities recover and sell metals |
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Incenaration DisADV
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expensive to build
coust alot difficult to site some air pollution older or poorly managed realese alot of air pollution opput approach that encourages waste can cmpete with recycling |
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Open dumps
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fields or holes in the ground where garbage is deposited and sometimes onvered with soil
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Sanitary Landfills
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solid wastes are spread out in thin layers compacted and overed daily with a fresh layer of clay or plastic fooam.
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Sanitary landfilss ADV
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No burnign
little odor low groundwater pllution can be built quickly low operating costs handle large amounts of waste Filled land can be used for other purposes No shortage of landfill space |
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Sanitary Landfills DISADV
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noise
duste air pollution releases greenhouse gases groundwater contamination slow decomposition of waste discourages recycling, reuse and waste reduction eventually leaks and can contamintate groundwater |
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Hazardous WAste
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any discarded solid or liquid material that is toxic, ignitable, corrosive Two major is organic and heavy metals
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Organic compounds
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hazardous waste such as pesticides pcbs
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Heavy metals
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HAzourdous waste taht include lead, mercury, arsenic
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Hazardous waste regulation
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RCRA
CERCLA |
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RCRA
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Resource conservation and recovery act and its purpose is to track waste
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CERCLa
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comprehensive environmental response compensation and liability act Superfund program which has polluters to pay for cleaning up aboandoned hazardous waste sites Only 70% came from them
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WE can prroduce hazardous waste by
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recycle reuse detoxify burn and bury what we can
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Physial methods for conversions to less hazardous substances
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using charcoal or resins to separate out harmful chemicals
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Chemical Methods
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uses chemial reactions that convert hazardous chemicals to less harmfull ones.
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Biological Methods
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Bioremdiation: bacteria or enzymes help destroy toxic and harardous waste or convert them to more benign substances
Phytoremediatio:involves using natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from plluted soil and water |
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Inceneration
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Heating many types of hazardous waste to high temp. to break them down and convert them
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Plasma torch
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Passing electrical current through gas to generate an electric arc and very high temp can create plasma
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What are the long term storage of haz. waste
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Deep well disposal-liquid hazardous wastes are pumped under pressure into dry porous rock
Surgace impoundments- excavated depressions such as ponds, pits Long term retrievaable- metal drums are used to store them in areas that can be inspected an retrieved Secure landfills-drums that are buried and carefully designed |
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HOw many Secure hazerdous wastes landfills in teh US
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23
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POP's
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persistent organic pollutants
POPs are insoluble in water and soluble in fat |
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what to do to make the transition
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Everything is connected
There is no away dillution in not allways tha solution best and cheapest way to deal with wastes are reduction and pollution prevention |
