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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gametes
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haploid reproductive cells
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Sperm
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male gametes
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Eggs
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Female gametes
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Gametogenesis
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formation of gametes in the reproductive organs of adult organisms
-meiosis |
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Fertilization
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haploid sperm & egg cells fuse, forming a diploid zygote
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Zygote
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Fertilized egg
-diploid |
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Polyspermy
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fertilization by more than one sperm
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fertilization envelope
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results when fertilization stimulates the creation of a physical barrier
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Cleavage
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set of rapid cell divisions that takes place in a zygote immediately after fertilization
-mitosis |
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Embryo
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fertilized egg
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Blastomeres
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cells created by cleavage divisions
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Morula
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ball of cells
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Blastula
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embryo- consists of a solid ball of cells
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Blastocoel
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fluid-filled cavity
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Holoblastic cleavage
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complete:
invertebrates, amphibians,mamals |
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Meroblastic Cleavage
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incomplete cleavage:
fish, reptiles, birds |
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Blastocyst
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result of cleavage
specialized blastula consisting of "trophoblast" and "ICM" |
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Trophoblast
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external, thin-walled, hollow
-surrounds ICM |
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Inner Cell Mass (ICM)
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surrounded by trophoblast
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Placenta
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formed from mixture of trophoblast and maternal cells
-after embedding of blastocyst |
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Blastopore
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opening to the outside of the blastula
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Archenteron
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primitive gut
caused by cells moving inward through the blastopore, forming a tube-like structure that will become the gut |
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Gastrulation
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extensive/highly coordinated movements radically rearrange the embryonic cells into a structure called GASTRULA
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Germ Layers
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- result of gastrulation
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm |
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Endoderm
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produces lining of digestive tract/gut, along with some associated organs
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Ectoderm
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forms outer covering of adult body and the nervous system
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Mesoderm
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gives rise to muscle, most internal organs, and connective tissues such as bone/cartilage
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Morphogen
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"organizer" group of cells that send positional signals
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Organogenesis
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process of tissue and organ formation that begins once gastrulation is complete and the embryonic germ layers are in place
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Notochord
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rod-like structure that appears early in organogenesis
-appears in dorsal mesoderm *unique to CHORDATES -triggers formation of neural tube |
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Somites
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mesodermal cells that become organized into blocks of tissues
-form on both sides of the neural cord |
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Determination
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somite cells differentiate in response to signals from nearby tissues
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