Chapter 22 Flash Cards

Front 1

Progressivism

Back 1

Movement for social change between the late 1890s and World War I. Its origins lay in fear of big business and corrupt government and a desire to improve the lives of countless Americans. progressives set out to cure the social ills brought about by industrialization and urbanization, social disorder, and political corruption.

Front 2

R.E. Olds

Back 2

Used an assemblt-line system that foreshadowed later techniques and turned out five thousand Olds runabouts in 1904.

Front 3

Model T

Back 3

Introduced in 1908, Henry Ford's four-cylinder, 20-horsepower "Tin Lizzie," costing $850, and available only in black.

Front 4

"Tin Lizzie"

Back 4

Car made by Henry Ford; nickname for the Model T.

Front 5

United Fruit

Back 5

An empire of plantations and steamships in the Caribbean which exploited opportunities created by victory in the war with Spain.

Front 6

General Electric

Back 6

founded the first industrial research laboratories in 1900, housed in a barn.

Front 7

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Back 7

An inventive mechanical engineer who published the book "Principles of Scientific Management (1911)."

Front 8

"Principles of Scientific Management"

Back 8

Proposed two major reforms. First, management must take responsibility for job-related knowledge and classify it into "rules, laws, and formulae." Second, management should control the workplace "through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the best implements and working conditions, and enforced cooperation.

Front 9

Triangle Shirtwaist Company

Back 9

in March 1911, 146 people died from a fire in this building.

Front 10

WTUL

Back 10

Women's Trade Union League; founded in 1903, this group worked to organize women into trade unions. It also lobbied for laws to safeguard female workers and backed several successful strikes, especially in the garment industry. It accepted all women who worked, regardless of skill, and while it never attracted many members, its leaders were influential enough to give the union considerable power.

Front 11

RFD

Back 11

Rural free delivery, begun in 1896, helped diminish the farmers' sense of isolation and changed farm life.

Front 12

Rockefeller Sanitary Commission

Back 12

In 1909 began a sanitation campaign that eventually wiped out the hookworm disease.

Front 13

Newlands Act

Back 13

The secretary of the interior formed the U.S. Reclamation Service, which gathered a staff of thousands of engineers and technicians, "the largest bureaucracy ever assembles in irrigation history."

Front 14

David Grahman Phillips

Back 14

A novelist troubled by the woman's problem, depicted a husband's oppresion of his wife in "The Hungry Heart," published in 1909.

Front 15

Sheppard-Towner Act

Back 15

Helped fund maternity and pediatric clinics.

Front 16

Margaret Sanger

Back 16

A nurse and outspoken social reformer, who led a campaign to give physicians broad discretion in pressing contraceptives.

Front 17

Niagara Movement

Back 17

Led by W.E.B. DuBois, focused on equal rights and the education of African American youth. Rejecting the gradualist approach of Booker T. Washington, members kept alive a program of militant action and claimed for African Americans all the rights afforded to other Americans. It spawned later civil rights movements.

Front 18

NAACP

Back 18

Created in 1909, this organization quickly became one of the most important civil rights organizations in the country. It pressured employers, labor unions, and the government on behalf of African Americans.

Front 19

Guinn v. U.S.

Back 19

In 1915, the Supreme Court overturned a "grandfather clause" that kept African Americans from voting in Oklahoma.

Front 20

中餐

Back 20

Zhōngcān

chinesische Küche

Front 21

Padroni

Back 21

Labor agents who recruited immigrant workers, found them jobs, and deducted a fee from their wages.

Front 22

Leonidas Skliris

Back 22

Headquartered in Salt Lake City, she was the "czar of Greeks," and provided workers for the Utah Copper Company and the Western Pacific Railroad.

Front 23

Birds of Passage

Back 23

Temporary migrants who came to the United States to work and save money and then returned to their native countries during the slack season.

Front 24

Americanization

Back 24

Programs where people tried to erase the differences of immigrants through English classes.

Front 25

Coyotes

Back 25

Usually in the employ of large corporations or working for ranchers.

Front 26

Barrios

Back 26

Mexican-Americans who formed enclaves in the cities.

Front 27

Samuel Gompers

Back 27

President of the American Federation of Labor.

Front 28

IWW (Wobblies)

Back 28

Founded in 19, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies, aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests, It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes.

Front 29

Bill Haywood

Back 29

One of the founders of the Western Federation of Miners.

Front 30

Five Dollar Day

Back 30

The plan increased wages, but it also gave the company greater control over a more stable work force.

Front 31

Amoskeag

Back 31

Resembled a walled medieval city within which workers found "a total institution, a closed and almost self-contained world.

Front 32

Irving Berlin

Back 32

A Russian immigrant who wrote "Alexander's Ragtime Band."

Front 33

DW Griffith

Back 33

A talented and creative director--as well as a racist--produced; "Birth of a Nation."

Front 34

ASCAP

Back 34

Formed in 1914 by composer Victor Herbert and others to protect musical rights and royalities.

Front 35

Ashcan School

Back 35

This school of early 20th century realist painters took as their subjects the slums and streets of the nations cities.