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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungi |
most common plant pathogens |
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Human mycoses |
caused by fungal pathogens and opportunistic pathogens |
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Thermal Dimorphism |
When fungal spores from the environment gainentrance to a warm-blooded animal, they germinate into yeasts and remain inthis phase in the host Yeastcells leaving the animal host return to the environment and revert to thesporulating hyphal state |
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Mycology |
Study of Fungi |
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Yeasts |
Unicellular Budding yeasts |
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Dimorphism |
yeast-like at 37C mold-like at 25C |
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True pathogen |
Systemic - deep within body Subcutaneous - beneath skin cutaneous - hair, skin, and nails Opportunistic Weakened host |
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Histoplasma Blastomyces |
eastern coast of US |
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Ringworm |
contagous scalp, body, feet, or nails Transmitted skin-to-skin, indirect contact |
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Dermatophytes |
ringworm and tinea |
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Trichophyton
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Fungal cause #1 Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches – may blister, ooze Scalp of beard: bald patches Nails: discolored, thick, crumble |
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Tinea capitis |
ringworm of scalp |
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tinea barbae |
ringworm of beard |
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tinea corporis |
ringworm of body |
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Epidermophyton |
"jock itch" |
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Sporotrichosis |
subcutaneous infection gardeners and farmers |
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Blastomycoses |
subcutaneous attacks weak |
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Blastomyces Dermatitis |
North American Blastomyces inhaled cutaneous, bone, and nervous system complications |
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Coccidoides Infection |
San Joaquin Valley Fever Digging ins oil produces aerosol of arthrospores Lung infection |
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Histoplasma |
Ohio Valley Fever soil containing bird dropping is whipped up by the wind |
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Cryptococcus |
deadly if bad T cells depends on host's immunity |
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Cryptococcus neoforms |
yeast with capsule inhabits soil around pigeon roots |
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Candida Albicans |
normal flora 70% of nosocomial fungal infections Trush Vaginitis Cutaneous candidiasis |
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Candida |
Pain, redness, white coating/discharge Causes: antibiotics - kill normal flora pregnancy & oral contraceptives diabetes, steroids T cell deficiency |
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Aspergillosis |
Acute pulmonary infection |
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Pneumocystis |
Pneumocystis jiroveci leading cause of illness and death in impaired immune system patients |
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Amanita |
death cap mushroom
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Claviceps |
hallucinations LSD precursor |
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Archaezoa |
the ancient ones no mitochondria multiple flagella move them |
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Euglena |
complex cell flagellates |
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Giardia |
Active in gut Inactive cyst survive for monthsin environment |
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Trichomonas vaginalis |
STD no symptoms |
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Hemo Flagellates |
blood borne
Trypanosoma Leishmania |
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Trypanosoma |
sleeping sickness spread by tse tse fly |
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Trypanosoma cruzi |
chaga's disease heart muscle and large intestine harbor masses of amastigotes chronic inflammation eye swells at bite wound |
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Leshmania |
first: skin reactions visceral: fever, weight loss, swelling of liver & spleen, anemia |
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Entamoeba hystolitica |
transmitted by fecal contamination infection = GI stress or blockage asymptomatic in 90% patients |
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Naegleria fowleri Acanthameba |
causes amoebic infections of the brain |
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Ciliates |
move by cilia Complex cells Balantidium coli = only human parasite |
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Free living ciliate |
conjugation, cilia, nucleus |
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Balantidium coli |
GI distress infects large intestine severe colitis with ulcerations like amoebic disentery |
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Sporozoans/Apicocomplans |
ALL parasites, non moving, complex life cycles Have apical complex |
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Plasmodium |
Malaria spread by female Anopheles fly |
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Sporozoites |
infective cells |
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Gametocytes |
sex cells of parasite |
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Trophozoite |
feeding forms |
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Zygote |
fertilized egg |
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Toxoplasma |
lives naturally in cats that harbor oocysts in the GI tract acquired by ingesting raw meat or contaminated substances by cat feces |
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Clycospora |
emerging protozoan disease flu like + watery diarrhea fecal oral, contaminated veggies deadly in HIV patients |
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Cryptosporidium |
new recognized intestinal pathogen |
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Babesia |
tick-transmitted causes malaria-like symptoms and hemolytic anemia |
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Helminths |
parasitic worms |
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Platyhelminthes |
flatworms |
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Trematodes |
Flukes |
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Cestodes
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tapeworms |
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Nematodes |
roundworms |
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Reproduction: Helminth Parasites |
sexes may separate hermaphroditic Adult and mating occur in definitive primary host Larval = intermediate host transport host experiences no parasitic development |
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Nematodes/roundworms |
eggs can be infective to intestine |
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Ascaris |
Intestinal roundworms in areas of poor sanitation |
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Ascarias lumbricoides |
severe inflammatory reactions mark the migratory route allergic reactions |
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Whipworms |
mild intestinal parasite Trichuris Diagnosis: examining stool and finding eggs |
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Pinworms Enterobius |
most common roundworm parasite in US temperate areas even with good sanitation |
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Hookworms |
curved ends and hooked mouths Necator burrow into the skin of bare feet |
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Trichinella spiralis and Trichinellosis |
Life cycle entirely within mammalian host |
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Onchocerciasis |
River Blindness Transmitted by the bite of small black flies that breed in streams and rivers Major cause of preventable blindness |
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Elephantiasis |
Filarial roundwoorms thickening of the skin and tissues, legs, and genitals Obstruction of lymphatic vessels Nematodes = lymphatic filariasis Transmitted by mosquito |
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Schistosoma |
Flatworm Blood Fluke second most important infection contracted swimming, fishing blind ending digestive system - no anus |
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Blood Fluke Life Cycle |
Adult worm enter blood vessels Eggs through urine or feces to fresh water Snail = intermediate host Larva infects - penetrates skin |
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Cestode Infestations |
Tapeworm Each proglottid is an independent unit adapted to absorbing food and making and releasing eggs Taenia saginata Taenia solium |
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Tapeworm Life Cycle |
Humans can be primary or intermediate host Larva encyst in our organs |
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Human primary host |
weight loss vitamin deficiency rarely, intestinal blockage |
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Tapeworms |
Head or scolex: where worms attach to gut plus neck Segmented body: contains male and female gonads Rows of teeth to grab on with Absorbs nutrients |
