Chapter 22

Front 1

Napoleon III

Back 1

Louis Napoleon's title after a vote by the French people in 1852.

Front 2

Baron Haussmann

Back 2

Led the reconstruction of Paris

Front 3

Legislative Corps

Back 3

Liberalization of the government of France, allowed some opposition and contributions to Napoleon III's government

Front 4

Plebiscite

Back 4

A vote by the people on an important issue

Front 5

Crimean War

Back 5

1854-1856, fought between Turkey, France, Great Britain and Sardinia, against Russia

Front 6

Sevastopol

Back 6

Key battle of the Crimean War

Front 7

Maximilian

Back 7

Archduke of Austria, installed by Napoleon III as the emperor of Mexico, executed in 1867

Front 8

Cinco de Mayo

Back 8

Defeat of French troops by the Mexican army at the battle of Puebla in 1862

Front 9

House of Savoy

Back 9

Rulers of Sardinia, and the kingdom of Piedmont.

Front 10

Charles Albert

Back 10

King of Sardinia/Piedmont, that would lead the cause of Italian Independence

Front 11

Cavour

Back 11

Prime Minister of Sardinia would lead the political cause of unification around the liberal constitutional monarchy of Sardinia

Front 12

Napoleon III

Back 12

Supported Piedmont against Austria, but later makes a separate peace with Austria

Front 13

Venetia

Back 13

Remains under Austrian control

Front 14

Lombardy

Back 14

Is annexed by Piedmont/Sardinia

Front 15

Garibaldi

Back 15

Liberal nationalist who organized the "Red Shirts" into a nationalistic army. Fought to unify Italy into a republic

Front 16

Victor Emmanuel II

Back 16

From the house of Savoy, forms a kingdom of Italy with the support of Girabaldi (to prevent civil war)

Front 17

Zollverein

Back 17

German customs union. Formed to stimulate the growing German industries. All German states except Austria joined Prussia

Front 18

King William I of Prussia

Back 18

Wanted to increase the size, power and to modernize the Prussian army

Front 19

Bismarck

Back 19

Pushes the army reforms through the Prussian parliament or by ignoring it. A junker, conservative chancellor of Prussia. He would unify germany under Prussian leadership by "blood and iron"

Front 20

Bismarck

Back 20

Pushes the army reforms through the Prussian Parliament or by ignoring it. A junker Conservative Chancellor of Prussia. He would unify Germany under pressure and leadership by "blood and iron."

Front 21

Realpolitik

Back 21

Consummate politician and opportunist

Front 22

Realpolitik

Back 22

Consummate politician and opportunist

Front 23

Danish wars

Back 23

1864, Prussia secures the territories of Schleswig and Holstein to join the German Confederation

Front 24

Austro-Prussian War

Back 24

1866, Prussia defeats the Austrians at Sadowa. Prussia becomes the dominate power in the German Confederation

Front 25

North German Confederation

Back 25

Northern German states join the Prussian states

Front 26

EMS Telegram

Back 26

Bismarck rewords telegram from French, about the Hohenzollern candidate to the Spanish throne to provoke them in war

Front 27

Franco-Prussian War

Back 27

1871-1871, battle of Sedan victory for Prussia as the southern German state join the North German Confederation. Great victory for Germany. They gain Alsace and Lorrain from France, end the Second French Empire, occupy Versailles, and force Napoleon III to abdicate. Unification of Germany complete

Front 28

Francis Joseph

Back 28

Hapsburg Emperor of the Austrian Empire, sought to unify the empire under the authority of the German speaking, Catholic elite. Did create an imperial parliament called the Reichsrat

Front 29

Ausgleich

Back 29

Compromise of 1867. Created dual monarchy the empire. Francis Joseph would be emperor of Austria and the king of Hungary, but the Hungarians would have greater autonomy over their state. Foreign issues and the military would be controlled by Austria.

Front 30

Alexander II

Back 30

Attempt to reform Russia after the defeat in the Crimean War.

Front 31

Emancipation of Serfdom

Back 31

Alexander freed the serfs in 1862. Total freedom for serfs not totally realized

Front 32

Mirs

Back 32

Village communes with limited local authority

Front 33

Zemstovs

Back 33

Local assemblies with moderate amount of self government for local communities.

Front 34

Alexander Herzen

Back 34

Russian reformer who wrote about "land and freedom" for the Russian people known as populism

Front 35

People's Will

Back 35

Radical group of anarchist who assassinated Alexander II

Front 36

Queen Victoria

Back 36

Queen of Great Britain from 1837-1901. Hence the Victorian Age of Britain.

Front 37

Reform Bill of 1867

Back 37

Important step toward democratization in Britain. Increased the enfranchisement of makes by about a million by lowering the monetary requirement to vote.

Front 38

Benjamin Disraeli

Back 38

Conservative prime minister,

Front 39

William Gladstone

Back 39

Liberal prime minister, passed the Education Act of 1870, making elementary schools available to all children

Front 40

American Civil War

Back 40

1861-1865

Front 41

Canada

Back 41

Nation created by the Dominion Act of 1867

Front 42

Communist manifesto

Back 42

1848, treatise written by Carl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Called on the working class to unite

Front 43

Karl Marx

Back 43

Germany from Trier, study at the university of Bonn and Berlin, journalist, economic theorist

Front 44

Friedrich Hegel

Back 44

Dialectics, German philosopher who greatly influenced Marx

Front 45

Friedrich Engels

Back 45

Son of a wealthy industrialist, wrote, "Conditions of the Working Class in England". Financially supported Marx

Front 46

Dialectical Materialism

Back 46

Concept that all history is the history of the class struggle.

Front 47

Bourgeoisie

Back 47

Owners of the means of production

Front 48

Proletariat

Back 48

Industrial workers, own only their labor

Front 49

Das Kapital

Back 49

Capital, theoretical work of Marx. Sets out his ideas on political economics

Front 50

First international

Back 50

Umbrella organization for a United working men's association to deal with issues of the working class

Front 51

Realism

Back 51

New style of painting and literature that viewed the world realistically, a rejection of Romanticism

Front 52

Flaubert

Back 52

Straight forward descriptions of barren and sordid small-life in France. Looked at the hypocrisy of the middle-class life

Front 53

Thackeray

Back 53

Novelist, against the romantic traditions of writing

Front 54

Charles Dickens

Back 54

Realistic novels of the lower and middle class lives, especially the brutal lives of the urban poor

Front 55

Courbet

Back 55

Realism painter

Stonebreakers

Front 56

Millet

Back 56

Realism painter

The Gleaners

Front 57

Liszt

Back 57

Hungarian composer, new German School of Music, the symphonic poem

Front 58

Wagner

Back 58

German composer, Gesamtkunstwerk, strong Germanic myths and legends. German Romanticism