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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the progression of changes in the moon's appearance during the month
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phases of the moon
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What is the point at which the moon is farthest from Earth in its orbit
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apogee
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traces out a cone over a period of 26,000 years
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precession
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what are the two main motions of Earth
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rotation and revolution
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what is the turning or spinning of a body on its axis
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rotation
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What is the time in July when Earth is farthest from the sun
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Aphelion
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what concluded that Earth is a planet
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?
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What is the apparent westward motion of the planets with respect to the stars
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retrograde motion
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what created a model of the universe that accounted for the movement of the planets
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Ptolemy
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What is one of Kepler's three laws of planetary motion
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the path of each planet around the sun is an ellipse, with the sun at one focus
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What is the second law of Kepler's planetary motion
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Each planet revolves so that an imaginary line connecting it to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal time intervals.
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What is the last law of Keplers planetary motion
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The square of the length of time it takes a planet to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of its mean distance to the sun
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what is the Geocentric model
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the moon, sun, and the known planets-Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Jupiter-orbit Earth
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What is the Heliocentric model
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Earth and the other planets orbit the sun
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What is the science that studies the universe
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Astronomy
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What is an oval-shaped path
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ellipse
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What is the point at which the moon is closest to the Earth
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Perigee
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The solar system speeds in the direction of the star what
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vega
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What is a result of the motion of the moon and the sunlight that is reflected from its surface
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?
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What is a depression produced by a meteorite impact
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crater
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who was the first astronomer to formulate and test the law of universal gravitation
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Newton
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Gravitational force does what with distance
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decreases
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What is one important discoveries that Galileo made
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The discovery that the sun had sunspots, or dark regions
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What is the second important discovery that Galileo made
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the discovery that the moon's surface was not smooth
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What is another one of Galileo's important discovery?
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The discovery that Venus has phases just like the moon
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What is the last important discovery that Galileo made
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the discovery that the plants are circular disks, not list points of lights
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an astronomical unit is about what kilometers
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150 million
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an astronomical unit is about how many miles
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?
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What is the time in January when Earth is closest to the sun
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Perihelion
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What says the time it takes for Earth ti make one complete rotation with respect to a star other than the sun
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?
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What is a long channel associated with lunar maria
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rille
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what is a thin, gray, layer on the surface of the moon
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lunar regolith
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what are any systems of bright, elongated streaks, sometimes associated with a crater on the moon
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ray
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most of the lunar surface is made up of densely pitted, light-colored areas known as
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highlands
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what are two ancient beds of basaltic lave, originated when asteroids punctured the lunar surface
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Maria
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The what month is based on the cycle of the moon's phases
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?
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The what month is the true period of the moon's revolution around Earth
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sidereal
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what occurs when the moon passes through Earth's shadow
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lunar eclipse
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an eclipse of the moon can only occur when the moon is the what phase
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new-moon
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what occurs when the moon moves in a line directly between Earth and the sun
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solar eclipse
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What is the period of Pluto in Earth years
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247371
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What is the solar distance of Earth in A.U.'s
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1.00
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Who are the five noted scientists that were responsible for the birth of modern astronomy
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Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe,and Sir Isaac Newton
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What scientists concluded that the Earth was round
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Greek philosopher Aristotle
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The first successful attempt the establish the size of Earth is credited to
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Eratosthenes
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What is the period of Mercury in Earth years
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0.24
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What is the solar distance of Uranus
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19.18 A.U.
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What is the period of Jupiter in Earth years
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11.86
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what is the solar distance of Saturn
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9.54 A.U.
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What is the period of Neptune in Earth years
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30.06
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What is the period of Venus in Earth years
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0.62
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