Chapter 21 - The Cold War Begins

Front 1

Cold War

Back 1

This led to an era of confrontation and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union thatlasted from about 1946 to 1990. This era became known as the Cold War.

Front 2

The Yalta Conference

Back 2

In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at the Soviet resort of Yalta to plan the postware world. There, Stalin reaffirmed the Soviet pledge to enter the war against Japan after Germany was defeated. Several agreements reached at Yalta, however, later played an important role in causing the Cold War.

Front 3

Zones of Germany / Dividing Germany

Back 3

After agreeing to a set of principles for liberating Europe, the conference focused on Germany. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Staling agreed to divide Germany into four zones. Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France would each control one zone. The same four countries would also divide the city of Berlin, even though it was in the Soviet zone.

Front 4

The Potsdam Conference

Back 4

In July 1945, with the ware against Japn still raging, Truman finally met Stalin at Potsdam, near Berlin. Both men had come to Potsdam primarily to work out a deal on Germany

Front 5

Satellite Nations

Back 5

The Communist countries of Eastern Europe came to be called satellite nations.

Front 6

The Iron Curtain Descends

Back 6

With the iron curtain separating the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West, the World War II era had come to an end. The Cold War was about to begin.

Front 7

Policy of Containment

Back 7

Keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions.

Front 8

Truman Doctrine

Back 8

On March 12, 1947, Truman went before Congress to ask for $400 million to fight Communist aggression in Greece & Turkey. His speech outlined a policy which became known as the Truman Doctrine. Its goal was to air "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

Front 9

Marshall Plan

Back 9

In June 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed the European Recovery Program, or Marshall Plan, which would give European nations American aid to rebuild their economies. The Soviet Union & its satellite nations in Eastern Europe rejected the offer and came up with their own economic program.

Front 10

West Germany is Founded (East Germany)

Back 10

The new nation was officially called the Federal Republic of Germany, but it became known as West Germany. West Germany's economy was completely separate from the Soviet zone, which eventually became known as East Germany.

Front 11

The Berlin Airlift

Back 11

In June 1948, Truman ordered the Berlin airlift to begin. For 11 mo's, cargo planes supplied Berliners w/food, medicine, and coal. This continued through the spring of 1949, bringing in over 2 million tons of supplies. The Berline airlift became a symbol of American determination to stand by the divided city.

Front 12

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Back 12

By April 1949, an agreement had been reached to create NATO a mutual defense alliance. NATO initally included 12 countries: The US, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, and Iceland.

Front 13

Mao Zedong

Back 13

In China, Communist forces led by Mao Zedong had been struggling against the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek since the late 1920's. During WWII, the two sides suspended their war to resist Japanese occupation. Neither side could win, and neither would accept a compromise.

Front 14

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 14

A Nationalist government leader in the lat 1920's.

Front 15

The Korean War

Back 15

June 25, 1950 - Korean troops invaded into the South. Towards the end of WWII, American & Soviet forces entered Korea to disarm the Japanese troops stationed there.

Front 16

38th Parallel

Back 16

The Allies divided Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude. Soviet troops controlled the north, while American troops controlled the south.

Front 17

Limited War

Back 17

A war fought to achieve a limited objective, such as containing communism.

Front 18

Peoples Republic of China

Back 18

In August 1949, the state department discontinued aid to the Chinese Nationalist. The defeating Nationalist then fled the chinese mainland for the small island of Taiwan (Formosa) this was what established (P.R.C.) in October.