Chapter 21 Notes Fires Suppression

Front 1

The primary objective in a defensive operation is to __________ from spreading

Back 1

prevent the fire

Front 2

Water is directed into the building through ________, __________ and other openings, or onto exposures to keep hte fire from spreading

Back 2

windows
doorways

Front 3

_____________ requires well-planned coordination, such as ventilating, operating hose lines, and conducting aggressive search and rescue

Back 3

an offensive fire attack

Front 4

A defensive strategy should be implemented when the ___ determines

Back 4

IC

Front 5

Small handlines can be as large as _______ in diameter

Back 5

2 inches

Front 6

Large handlines are defined as hoses that are at least ______ inches in diameter

Back 6

2 1/2 inch handlines

Front 7

At least ____ fire fighters are required to advance and control a large handline

Back 7

two

Front 8

___ fire fighter may be able to control a large handline if it is firmly anchored

Back 8

one

Front 9

by utilizing a ___________ or by looping the line and sitting down on it

Back 9

webbing strap

Front 10

stream can deliver water at a rate of at least _______ , and some master stream device can flow more than __________

Back 10

350 gpm
2000gpm

Front 11

the most commonly used master stream device flow between _____ and _________ gpm

Back 11

500 to 1000 gpm

Front 12

Master stream are typically used for defensive operations, though some departments use master streams to _________

Back 12

blitz the fire

Front 13

__________ can be produced with either a smooth-bore nozzle or an adjustable nozzle

Back 13

A fire stream

Front 14

When heat levels in a building need to be lowered quickly, a combination of ventilation and a _________ usually the fire suppression method choice

Back 14

fog stream

Front 15

A _________ can is usually also be used to protect fire fighters from the heat of a large fire

Back 15

fog stream

Front 16

Most adjustable nozzles can be adjusted from a _______ to a ______ to a wide fog pattern

Back 16

straight stream
narrow fog pattern
wide fog

Front 17

To produce a straight stream, the fire fighter sets the adjustable nozzle to the _____ pattern it can discharge

Back 17

narrowest

Front 18

A _____________ is performed in two stages, beginning with an indirect attack and then continuing with a direct attack

Back 18

A combination attack

Front 19

_______________ is used in situations where the temperature is increasing and it appears that the room or space is ready to flash over

Back 19

Indirect application of water

Front 20

Fire fighters can make an indirect attack by using a straight stream, a solid stream, or a __________

Back 20

narrow fog stream

Front 21

____________ fire fighters direct a fog stream at the ceiling of the intensely heated area to create steam

Back 21

indirect attack

Front 22

When water is converted to gaseous stream, it expands to occupy a volume ______ times greater

Back 22

1700

Front 23

T O Z

Back 23

T O Z

Front 24

Leaning walls
Smoke emitting from cracks
Creaking sounds
Sagging roofs or Floors

Back 24

Indicators of possible building collapse

Front 25

Exposure to serious fire
Water loading from use of master streams
Light weight construction or trusses

Back 25

Considerations for possible building collapse include the following factor

Front 26

When using an _____ or combination attack, watch for droplets of water raining down; they indicate lowered ceiling temperatures, If no droplets fall, the ceiling is still too hot

Back 26

indirect or combination attack

Front 27

At least _______ members are usually needed to advance and maneuver 2 1/2 inch handline inside a building

Back 27

three teams

Front 28

One fire fighter can control a large attack hose by forming a large ______ of hose about ___ feet behind the nozzle

Back 28

loop
2 feet

Front 29

By placing the loop over the top of the nozzle, the weight of the hose ______ the nozzle and ______ the nozzle reaction

Back 29

stabilize
reduces

Front 30

The backup fire fighter should be positioned approximately __ feet behind the nozzle operator

Back 30

3 feet

Front 31

Most master streams discharge between _____ and ____ gallons of water per minute

Back 31

500 and 1000

Front 32

deck gun devices are sometimes called turret ____ or ______ pipes

Back 32

turret pipes
wagon

Front 33

form a large ____ in the end of each hose line in front of the monitor. The loops serve to counteract the force created by the flow fo the water through the nozzle

Back 33

loop

Front 34

In cases where the fire is too ___________ by an initial attack, exposure protection becomes a priority

Back 34

large to be controlled

Front 35

At a large fire, the first priority is to protect exposed buildings and property from a combination of radian heat, ______, and burning embers

Back 35

convective heat
burning empers

Front 36

Wetting the exposures will keep the fuel from reaching its ___________

Back 36

ignition temperature

Front 37

Master stream devices such as deck guns, portable monitors, and elevated master streams are excellent tools for protecting _______

Back 37

exposures

Front 38

Before any interior attack is initiated, the structure should ________

Back 38

ventilated

Front 39

Ventilation must be coordinated with the _________ efforts to ensure that both events occur ________

Back 39

suppression
simultaneously

Front 40

Fires in ______ and wood-frame construction can burn in combustible ________ behind walls and under subfloors

Back 40

ordinary
void spaces

Front 41

_______ are dificult and dangerous spaces to enter, and they have limited routes of egress

Back 41

Basement

Front 42

If the only point of entry is an interior stairway fire fighters must protect that opening to keep the fire from extending to the _________ of the building

Back 42

upper floors

Front 43

If the ________ operation is not managed properly, hte interior stairwell will act as a chimney and bring heat and smoke up from the basement

Back 43

Ventilation

Front 44

__________ can also spread to upper floors in houses with ballon-frame construction

Back 44

Cellar fires

Front 45

Interior fire crews must alway look for a ______ path in case their entry route becomes blocked

Back 45

secondary exit

Front 46

In high-rise buildings, the _____________ typically used to supply water for hose line

Back 46

standpipe system

Front 47

cylinders, and Emergency Medical Services equipment should be staged ____ or ___ floors below the fire

Back 47

one or two

Front 48

If the building lacks ______ and ______ an almost unlimited supply of oxygen could be available to fuel a fire

Back 48

window and doors

Front 49

________ contains large quantities of highly combustible materials

Back 49

Lumberyard

Front 50

_________ useful for extinguishing many trash container fires

Back 50

Class A foam

Front 51

Some fire departments use the _______ on the top of an engine to extinguish large trash container fires

Back 51

deck gun

Front 52

Fire fighters should visit these areas with plant personnel so that ____________ can be developed

Back 52

precincident plan

Front 53

If entering these _____ to attempt rescue, fire fighters should wear full SCBA gear and fire fighters should be attached to a life line

Back 53

spaces

Front 54

An additional ______ should be lowered or brought with the fire fighter to tie the victim in a ______ on a bight (rescue knot) to raise the victim out of the hole

Back 54

bowline

Front 55

________ to track the movement of personnel and the amount of time that they are in the confined space

Back 55

safety officer

Front 56

Many departments instruct apparatus operation to place their vehicle _____ feet behind the burning vehicle to stop traffic

Back 56

100 feet

Front 57

Use a hose line at least ______ in diameter; such a hose will provide sufficient cooling

Back 57

1 1/2 inches in diameter

Front 58

Charge the hose line while you are at least ____ feet from the fire, including making sure that all the air is bled from the line

Back 58

50 feet

Front 59

Set the nozzle to initially deliver a straight stream or a fog pattern that is no wider than a _____ degree angle

Back 59

30 degree angle

Front 60

From a point approximately ___ feet away from the vehicle, open the nozzle and sweep the bottom part of the vehicle using a horizontal motion

Back 60

30 feet

Front 61

If there is no access to the passenger compartment, stand to the ________ side of the window and use a striking tool to break out one or more windows

Back 61

windward

Front 62

To open the hood of a burning vehicle, break out the _________ and find the hood-release cable

Back 62

plastic grille
hood-release cable

Front 63

disconnect the power to the vehicle by cutting hte battery cables, First, remove a section of the negative cable at least ____ inches long by making ___ cuts with wire cutter

Back 63

6 inches
two

Front 64

A fire in the trunk Initial access can sometimes be made by knocking out the ________ assembly on one side, then direct a hose stream into hte trunk to cool down

Back 64

tail light

Front 65

(CNG) or (LPG) fully involved fires in vehicles powered should be fought with an _________ master stream

Back 65

unmanned

Front 66

Hybrid automobiles Hazards:
+____________ batteries are very hazardous when burning and may explode

Back 66

The nickel metal hydride

Front 67

Hybrid automobiles Hazards
+ Current cables connect the batteries to the electric motors that power the wheels. Cuting these orange cables can cause serious injury or death to fire fighter

Back 67

High-voltage, direct

Front 68

Attack from uphill and upwind of the fire, and at a ____-degree angle to hte side of the vehicle

Back 68

45-degree

Front 69

Some vehicle components (engines or body) may be constructed from magnesium or other metals that can react violently when water is applied during fire suppression. A ______ extinguishing agent should be used in these cases instead of water

Back 69

Class D

Front 70

Flammable liquid fires can be classified as either two ________ or three-______

Back 70

two-dimensional
three-dimensional

Front 71

A ________ dimensional fire refers to a situation in which the burning liquid is dripping, spraying, or flowing over the edge of a container

Back 71

three-dimensional

Front 72

A two-dimensional flammable-liquid fire can usually be controlled by applying the appropriate _______ foam

Back 72

Class B

Front 73

A three-dimensional flammable-liquid fire is much more difficult to extinguish with foam either __________ or _______ extinguishing agents are usually more effective

Back 73

dry chemical
gaseous extinguishing agents

Front 74

Propane has a expansion ratio of _____

Back 74

270:1

Front 75

In the event of a fire, _______ valve should stop hte flow of hte product and extinguish the fire

Back 75

closing the

Front 76

A propane cylinder is always equipped with a ________ to allow exces pressure to escape

Back 76

relief valve

Front 77

Propane cylinders must be stored in an ________ position so that the relief valve remains within the vapor space

Back 77

upright

Front 78

_______ is added to p ropane to give it a distinctive odor

Back 78

mercaptan

Front 79

Propane gas is ______ than air

Back 79

heavier

Front 80

The relief valve should exhaust _____ until the pressure drops to a preset level, and then the valve should close or reseat

Back 80

vapor

Front 81

The best method to prevent a ______ is to direct heavy streams of water onto the tank from a safe distance

Back 81

BLEVE

Front 82

Horizontal tanks are designed to fail at the ends if a catastrophic failure occurs, so fire fighters should operate only from the ____ of the tank

Back 82

sides

Front 83

If the gas itself is burning because of a pipe or regulator failure, hte best way to extinguish the fire is to shut off the ________ valve at the cylinder

Back 83

main discharge valve

Front 84

Do not attempt to extinguish the flames unless the source of hte fuel has been ______ or all of hte fuel has been consumed

Back 84

shut off
fuel

Front 85

If the container is damaged or the valve is missing, the fuel should be allowed to ____, while hose streams continue to cool hte tank from a safe distance

Back 85

burn off

Front 86

Approach a flammable-gas fire with two ______ hose lines working together

Back 86

two 1 3/4-inch

Front 87

When approaching a horizontal LPG tank the nozzles should be set on a ________, with the discharge streams interlocked to creat

Back 87

wide fog pattern

Front 88

a __________ The team leader should be located between the two nozzle operators

Back 88

protective curtain

Front 89

On the command of hte ______, the crew should move forward, remaining together and never turning their backs to the burning product

Back 89

leader

Front 90

Upon reaching the valve, the fire fighter in the ______ can turn off the valve, stopping the flow of gas

Back 90

center

Front 91

If the container is located next to a fully involved building or a fire that is too large to control, ____________ and do fight the fire

Back 91

evacuate the area

Front 92

As the gas pressure is relieved, it will sound like the whistle on a ________

Back 92

teakettle

Front 93

Most residential gas supplies are delivered through a gas meter connected to an underground utility network or from a _______ located outside the building

Back 93

storage tank

Front 94

If the gas is supplied by an underground distribution system, the flow cfan be stopped by closing a _____ turn valve on hte gas meter

Back 94

quarter-turn

Front 95

If the gas is supplied from an outside LPG storage cylinder, closing the _________ valve will stop hte flow

Back 95

cylinder

Front 96

After the gas service has been shut off, use a _______ tag to be sure that it is not turned back on

Back 96

Once the electrical servicehas been disconnected, most fires in electrical equipment can be controlled using the same tactics procedures as are used for a ______ fire

Front 97

this shut-off should take place at the main circuit breaker box, with a lockout tag being used to prevent someone from accidentally turning the ______ current back on

Back 97

electrical

Front 98

If it is not possible to turn the electricity off at the breaker box, fire fighters must notify the ____________

Back 98

electrical utillity company

Front 99

When delicate electronic equipment is involved in a fire either _____ or Co should be used

Back 99

halon or CO should be used

Front 100

Many electrical transformers contain a cooling liquid that includes _____________-bibhenyls, a cancer-causing material

Back 100

polychlorinated biphenyls

Front 101

Fires in ground-mounted transformers can also be extinguished with _______ agents after the power has been disconnected

Back 101

dry chemical

Front 102

Underground power lines and transformers are often located in _____ beneath the ground surface

Back 102

vaults

Front 103

Fire fighters should never enter an underground electrical vault while the equipment is energized, Instead, they should discharge ______ or CO or dry chemical extingusihers into the vault from above

Back 103

either Co or dry chemical

Front 104

Replacing the ____ over the manhole will help to maintain the concentration of extinguishing agent in the vault

Back 104

lid

Front 105

Large ______ and _______ structures often have high-voltage electrical service connections and interior rooms containing transformers and distribution equipment

Back 105

commercial and residential

Front 106

Until the power has been disconnected, fire suppression efforts should be limited to _______ exposures

Back 106

protecting exposures