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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is evolution? |
How genotypes and phenotypes change over time |
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Why is genetic Variation important? |
It's the key to evolution |
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What is population genetics? |
The study of patterns of genetics |
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What is a species? |
A group of organisms capable of interbreeding, can pass on genetic info |
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What is a gene pool? |
Collection of all alleles present in an individual species |
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What is a population? |
Interbreeding groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area |
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What causes genetic variation? |
Mutations and recombination |
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What can mutations be? |
Deleterious, neutral, and advantageous |
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What is recombination? |
Shuffling mutations to get new sequences. Happens during meiosis |
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What is an allele? |
Different forms of a gene |
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What is an allele frequency? |
Rate of occurrence for different alleles in a population |
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What are the 3 ways of measuring allele frequencies |
Observable traits, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing |
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What are the Hardy-Weinberg Conditions for preventing evolution? |
No difference in survival/ reproductive success between individuals. Migration must not add or subtract from a population. No mutations. Population must be large to prevent sampling errors. Individuals must mate at random. |
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What is Charles Darwin's natural selection? |
Survival of the fittest, species are always changing |
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What is positive selection? |
Natural selection increases the frequency of a favorable allele |
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Negative selection |
Natural selection decreases the frequency of a harmful allele |
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Balancing selection |
Natural selection maintains an allele at some intermediate frequency between 0% to 100%. Maintains more than 1 allele in a population |
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Heterozygous advantage |
Heterozygous individuals have advantage due to carrying a certain allele |
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Stabilizing selection |
Selects against extremes |
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Directional selection |
Selects against 1 or 2 extremes |
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Disruptive selection |
Selects against the average |
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Migration |
Movement from 1 population to another |
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Genetic drift |
Random change in allele frequencies from 1 generation to another |
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Molecular clock |
Change in genes, at a specific rate over time |
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What does artificial selection do? |
Speeds up evolution |
