Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Confection |
A practice where goods, such as shoes, clothing, and furniture, were produced in standard sizes and styles rather than by special orders for individual customers. France 18th century The masters were under increased competitive pressure from larger, more heavily capitalized establishments or from the introduction of machine production in to a previously craft-dominated industry. In many workshops, masters began to follow this practice, and it was like a destructive force.
|
|
|
Zollverein |
Free trading union. Germany 1834 Classical economics had less influence in Germany because of the tradition dating from the enlightened absolutism of state direction of economic development. All the major German states, except Austria, formed this. |
|
|
Jeremy Bentham |
He believed in "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" (utilitarianism). England 1748-1832 He sought to create codes of scientific law that were founded on the principle of utility. Wrote FRAGMENT ON GOVERNMENT and THE PRINCIPLES OF MORALS AND LEGISLATION, explaining the application of the principle of utility would overcome the special interests of privileged groups who prevented rational government. |
|
|
Utopian Socialism |
People that defined the social question. Europe 18th century They were considered utopian because their ideas were often visionary and they frequently advocated the creation of ideal communities. They were called socialists because they questioned the structures and values of the existing capitalistic framework. |
|
|
Count Claude Henri de Saint-Simon |
The earliest of the socialist pioneers. France 1760-1825 He fought in the American Revolution as a liberal French aristocrat, and welcomed the French Revolution,during which he made and lost a fortune. He believed modern society would require rational management and private wealth, property, and enterprise should be subject to an administration other than that of its owners. |
|
|
Robert Owen |
A self-made cotton manufacturer. England 1771-1858 He was a firm believer in the environmentalist psychology of the Enlightenment that had flowed from the thought of John Locke.He was a notorious freethinker on matters of religion and sex, and pleaded for a reorganization of industry based on his own successful model. |
|
|
Charles Fourier |
Owen's French intellectual counterpart. England 1772-1837 He was a commercial salesperson and didn't succeed in attracting the same kind of public attention as Owen. He wrote his books and articles and waited at home each day, hoping to meet a patron who would undertake his program, but no one ever met him. |
|
|
Anarchists |
Other writers and activists of the 1840s, who rejected industry and dominance of government. Europe. 1840s. Usually included in the socialist tradition. Some favored programs of violence and terrorism, others peaceful. |
|
|
Marxism |
The mode of socialist thought that eventually exerted more influence over modern European history than any other. Europe 19th century Its ideas permeated the major continental socialist parties. The communist strain of these people thought came to dominate the Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe and revolutionary movements in the colonial and post-colonial world. |
|
|
The Vienna Uprising |
Students led a series of disturbances in Vienna. The Habsburg Empire. 19th century. Louis Kossuth called for the independence of Hungary. He gave speeches, and students inspired by them made a series of disturbances in Vienna. |
|
|
Transportation |
An alternative to capital punishment. England. Late 18th century The British government sentenced people convicted of the most serious offenses to this. They used it until the mid-19th century, when the colonies began to object. |
|
|
Railways |
A system of railroad tracks with the trains, organization, and personnel required for its working. England. From 19th century to now. These things meant people could leave the place of their birth more easily than ever before. The improvement in transportation also allowed cheaper and more rapid passage of raw materials and finished products. |
|
|
The English Factory Act of 1833 |
Forbade the employment of children under age nine. England 1833 Workers became concerned about the plight of child laborers because parents were no longer exercising discipline over their own children in the factories. This limited the workday of children aged nine to thirteen to nine hours a day, and required the factory owner to pay for two hours of education a day for these children. |
|
|
Thomas Malthus |
One of the most influential of all writers. England 1766-1834 Thought that nothing could improve the condition of the working class. Wrote ESSAY ON THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION, and his ideas have haunted the world ever since. |
|
|
David Ricardo |
One of the most influential of all writers. England 1772-1823 Thought that nothing could improve the condition of the working class. Wrote PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, and transformed the concepts of Malthus into the "iron law of wages". |
